{"id":65,"date":"2022-03-15T12:17:46","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T16:17:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/?page_id=65"},"modified":"2022-05-09T23:00:14","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T03:00:14","slug":"indiana","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/state\/indiana\/","title":{"rendered":"Indiana"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Indiana&#8217;s Statewide Education Profile<\/h2>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">Cole Fairfield<\/h6>\n<h5>Student Population Demographics<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><figure id=\"attachment_613\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-613\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-613 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-7.57.07-PM-e1651795388925.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"787\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-613\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[3]<\/figcaption><\/figure><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The total public school student population\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1,032,011 students [1]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public v. private school attendance<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1,032,011 public vs. 115,421 private [2]<\/span><figure id=\"attachment_615\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-615\" style=\"width: 597px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-615\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-7.57.40-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"597\" height=\"82\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-7.57.40-PM.png 1630w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-7.57.40-PM-300x41.png 300w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-7.57.40-PM-1024x141.png 1024w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-7.57.40-PM-768x106.png 768w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-7.57.40-PM-1536x211.png 1536w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-7.57.40-PM-1200x165.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-615\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[4]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Expenditure Statistics<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">National average per-pupil expenditure for public schools\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0$14,360 [1]<\/span><figure id=\"attachment_612\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-612\" style=\"width: 183px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-612\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.00.24-PM-e1651795453376.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"183\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.00.24-PM-e1651795453376.png 1025w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.00.24-PM-e1651795453376-177x300.png 177w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.00.24-PM-e1651795453376-604x1024.png 604w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.00.24-PM-e1651795453376-768x1302.png 768w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.00.24-PM-e1651795453376-906x1536.png 906w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 183px) 100vw, 183px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-612\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[5]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indiana average per-pupil expenditure\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">$11,265 [1]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Total state public education budget\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle\">\n<li>$10,962,029 [1]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">High vs. low per-pupil expenditure (19\/20)\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dekalb County, Eastern Community School District- $29,731 [5]<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Randolph County, Union School Corporation- <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">$5,339 [5]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Graduation Rate by Demographics (18\/19)<\/h5>\n<figure id=\"attachment_616\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-616\" style=\"width: 777px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-616\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.22.50-PM-e1651796684842.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"777\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.22.50-PM-e1651796684842.png 1961w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.22.50-PM-e1651796684842-300x50.png 300w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.22.50-PM-e1651796684842-1024x170.png 1024w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.22.50-PM-e1651796684842-768x128.png 768w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.22.50-PM-e1651796684842-1536x255.png 1536w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.22.50-PM-e1651796684842-1200x199.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 777px) 100vw, 777px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-616\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[6]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5>Student Testing and Graduation Requirements<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>ILEARN test [7]\n<ul>\n<li>The ILEARN test &#8220;measures the range of Indiana Academic Standards&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>The test measures English\/Language Arts for grades 3-8, Mathematics grades 3-8, Science 4-6, and Social Studies for grade 5<\/li>\n<li>The test also includes content area literacy, media literacy, listening, and computer science standards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0ISTEP+ test\n<ul>\n<li>Indiana Statewide Testing for Educational Progress-Plus (ISTEP+) is an assessment that measures student achievement in Mathematics and English\/Language Arts. ISTEP+ is used as the Graduation Qualifying Examination for students in graduation classes 2019-2022 [8]<\/li>\n<li>ISTEP+ has now been replaced by the ILEARN test for all graduating classes following 2022 [8]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Highschool testing requirements<figure id=\"attachment_619\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-619\" style=\"width: 701px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-619\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.35.18-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"701\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.35.18-PM.png 2642w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.35.18-PM-300x77.png 300w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.35.18-PM-1024x263.png 1024w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.35.18-PM-768x197.png 768w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.35.18-PM-1536x394.png 1536w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.35.18-PM-2048x526.png 2048w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.35.18-PM-1200x308.png 1200w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.35.18-PM-1980x508.png 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-619\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[8]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<li>Testing or proficiency graduation requirements\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To earn an Indiana Diploma, students in the graduating classes of 2019 \u2013 2022 must m<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">eet course and credit requirements and pass the Graduation Qualifying Exam (GQE), qualify for a GQE waiver, or complete the separate Graduation Pathways [9]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>School Accountability<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\"><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There must be State measured progress toward long-term goals and measurements of interim progress [10]<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Identify schools for targeted support and improvement based on data from the previous school year [10]<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Any school that is identified for targeted support and improvement will maintain that designation in the following school year, execute its support and improvement plan, and receive the necessary support and interventions from the state [10]<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Schools will also be given a grade of A-F based on test scores and other factors related to performance. [10]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_629\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-629\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-629\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-9.42.48-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-9.42.48-PM.png 1386w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-9.42.48-PM-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-9.42.48-PM-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-9.42.48-PM-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-9.42.48-PM-1200x900.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-629\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[11]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5>Adoption of Common Core and Next Generation Science Standards<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Core 40 became Indiana\u2019s<\/span><\/span><figure id=\"attachment_639\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-639\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-639 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.50.59-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"910\" height=\"1222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.50.59-PM.png 910w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.50.59-PM-223x300.png 223w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.50.59-PM-763x1024.png 763w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-8.50.59-PM-768x1031.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 910px) 100vw, 910px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-639\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[12]<\/figcaption><\/figure><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0required high school curriculum in the fall of 2007. Students entering high school since 2007 have been expected to complete Core 40 as a graduation requirement. [12]<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Indiana is one of twenty-four states that have developed their own standards based on recommendations in the NRC Framework for K-12 Science Education. [12]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Teachers and Teacher Accountability<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Average teacher salary<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">$52,194 [1]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Presence of teachers unions\/collective bargaining<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indiana has the Indiana State Teachers Association (ISTA) which is an affiliate of the National Educators\u2019 Association (NEA) which is the largest teachers&#8217; union in Indiana. Some Indiana teachers are also members of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">NEA\/ISTA- 40,000 members [13]<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">AFT- 4,000 members [14]<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">65.4% of 71,867 total instructional staff in unions [15]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Average teaching age<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_645\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-645\" style=\"width: 628px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-645\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.36.29-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"628\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.36.29-PM.png 2526w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.36.29-PM-300x37.png 300w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.36.29-PM-1024x127.png 1024w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.36.29-PM-768x95.png 768w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.36.29-PM-1536x191.png 1536w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.36.29-PM-2048x255.png 2048w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.36.29-PM-1200x149.png 1200w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.36.29-PM-1980x246.png 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-645\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[16]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Teacher evaluation methods and measures\n<ul>\n<li>The Indiana Department of Education (IDOE) released RISE 3.0 as a model plan for teacher and principal evaluations [17]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Merit pay for teachers<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>No statewide merit pay standards<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teacher evaluations (RISE 3.0) are factored into wages depending on the district [18]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Charter Schools and Private Schools<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Number of charter schools and percentage of students served\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">120 charter schools serving 5% of students [19]\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Voucher dollar amounts and percentage of students served<\/span><\/span><figure id=\"attachment_647\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-647\" style=\"width: 566px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-647 \" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.47.12-PM-1024x178.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"566\" height=\"98\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.47.12-PM-1024x178.png 1024w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.47.12-PM-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.47.12-PM-768x134.png 768w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.47.12-PM-1536x268.png 1536w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.47.12-PM-2048x357.png 2048w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.47.12-PM-1200x209.png 1200w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.47.12-PM-1980x345.png 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 566px) 100vw, 566px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-647\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[20]<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure id=\"attachment_646\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-646\" style=\"width: 530px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-646 \" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.46.59-PM-1024x214.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"530\" height=\"111\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.46.59-PM-1024x214.png 1024w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.46.59-PM-300x63.png 300w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.46.59-PM-768x160.png 768w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.46.59-PM-1536x320.png 1536w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.46.59-PM-2048x427.png 2048w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.46.59-PM-1200x250.png 1200w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-05-at-10.46.59-PM-1980x413.png 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-646\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[20]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>The average school choice student is of white ethnicity, from a metropolitan area, from a household with a size of 4.75 people, and an income of $68,199.83 [20]<\/li>\n<li>The average actual award amount is $5,439.23 and the average tuition and fees amount is $6,634.98 [20]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Permissible voucher use\n<ul>\n<li>Permissible voucher use is allowed for the 330 schools participating in the Choice Scholarship Program. [20]<\/li>\n<li>Over 90% of the private schools participating in the Choice Scholarship Program are religious. [21]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>*All statistics 20\/21 unless noted otherwise<\/p>\n<h5>Statewide Funding Inequality<\/h5>\n<p>The most apparent statewide inequalities in Indiana&#8217;s schools is the disparity between per-pupil school expenditure. The difference between the highest per-pupil expenditure ($29,731) and the lowest (<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">$5,339) is around $25,000 between the districts. The lowest per-pupil expenditure school districts are also many of the lowest-earning districts with the highest rates of poverty (see Indiana poverty rates on left vs. per-pupil expenditure on right).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1500 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-09-at-10.45.54-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1262\" height=\"644\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-09-at-10.45.54-AM.png 1262w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-09-at-10.45.54-AM-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-09-at-10.45.54-AM-1024x523.png 1024w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-09-at-10.45.54-AM-768x392.png 768w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-09-at-10.45.54-AM-1200x612.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1262px) 100vw, 1262px\" \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a result, students with the most financial support from their families and benefit from economic stability also are receiving the greatest funded education at their schools in general. The issue comes back to the structure of school funding in America.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">States provide 47 percent of the budget for elementary and secondary schools (income taxes, corporate taxes, sales taxes, and fees)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Local districts contribute around 45 percent (generally from local property taxes)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0The federal government provides approximately 8 percent of state education budgets\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Indiana has attempted to push property tax reform since 2008 when they capped local property tax rates. However, this change was only followed by school districts across Indiana to release over 188 referendums to raise additional operating dollars for their own schools. Wealthy districts easily gained voter approval for the referendums, while lower-income districts have been unable to raise those revenues. As a result, the spending gap between the wealthiest and poorest schools and districts has grown from 38% to 53% over the past decade [23].<\/p>\n<p>Economically disadvantaged students have an 83% graduation rate in Indiana which is 4% below the total state average graduation rate. In addition, minorities are disproportionally affected by the local funding inequality, and Black (77%) and Hispanic (84%) students have a graduation rate significantly lower than the total state average of 87%. Local funding inequality is a significant factor contributing to this achievement gap as it greatly impacts the availability of resources to the local schools and thus the quality of their education [6].<\/p>\n<h5>School Choice Expansion<\/h5>\n<p>In February 2021, legislation that would expand the eligibility of state-funded private school vouchers to families with double the state&#8217;s median income passed out of the House by 61-36. House Bill 1005 would increase eligibility in the Choice Scholarship Program from low and middle-income families to a family of four with an annual income of around $145,000 while the state\u2019s median family income is nearly $74,000 [24].<\/p>\n<p>A family of three can thus have an income up to $120,500 and still qualify, and a single-parent, single-child household can have an income up to about $95,700. In addition, under current law, families that had incomes on the higher end of the eligibility spectrum could get a voucher for 50% of the amount of money per child that their neighborhood public school gets from the state, while families on the lower end got 90%. Under the new law, all families that are eligible will get a voucher for 90% [21].<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1232\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1232\" style=\"width: 556px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1232\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-08-at-4.49.45-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"556\" height=\"319\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-08-at-4.49.45-PM.png 1464w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-08-at-4.49.45-PM-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-08-at-4.49.45-PM-1024x588.png 1024w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-08-at-4.49.45-PM-768x441.png 768w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/544\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-08-at-4.49.45-PM-1200x689.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1232\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[20]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Expanding school choice scholarships access to higher-income families lowers the availability and financial support going to the students who are most in need. As seen in the table above, students with household incomes above $100,000 only made up 7% of the Choice Scholarship recipients in the 2020\/21 school year. When compared to the 2021\/22 school year, household incomes above $100,000 made up 20% of the Choice Scholarship recipients which is around a 13% increase [20]. The effects of House Bill 1005 will likely amplify this growth thus neglecting the original intent of the Choice Scholarship Program, which was to serve students in &#8220;failing school districts&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, many families who are already paying to send their children to private school will be able to qualify for the Choice Scholarship Program. Of all the private schools available to students in Indiana, over 90% are religious and thus the bill will also increase the number of tax dollars going toward private religious education [21].<\/p>\n<p>School choice and vouchers have been proven to not be a solution to the disparities that exist between low-income and wealthier students. By implementing this bill, the voucher program will be perpetuating socioeconomic inequality; not stopping it.<\/p>\n<h5>Works Cited<\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cRankings of the States 2020 and Estimates of School Statistics 2021,\u201d National Education Association, 2021. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.nea.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-04\/2021%20Rankings_and_Estimates_Report.pdf.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cCharacteristics of Private Schools in the United States: Results From the 2019\u201320 Private School Universe Survey,\u201d National Center of Education Statistics, U.S Department of Education, 2021. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/pubs2021\/2021061.pdf.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cHow diverse is the state?\u201d Indiana Department of Education, Accessed March 5th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/inview.doe.in.gov\/state\/1088000000\/population?student_group_id=homeless#enroll-subgroup-trend.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cHow are various groups represented?\u201d Indiana Department of Education, Accessed March 5th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/inview.doe.in.gov\/state\/1088000000\/population?student_group_id=homeless#enroll-subgroup-trend.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cNext Level Teacher Compensation Commission,\u201d Indiana Department of Education, Accessed March 5th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.in.gov\/gov\/teachercompensation\/.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cPublic high school 4-year adjusted cohort graduation rate,\u201d National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 2021. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/programs\/digest\/d20\/tables\/dt20_219.46.asp.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cILEARN,\u201d Indiana Department of Education, Accessed March 4th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.in.gov\/doe\/students\/assessment\/ilearn\/.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cHigh School Assessment,\u201d Indiana Department of Education, Accessed March 6th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.in.gov\/doe\/students\/assessment\/high-school-assessment\/.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cDiploma Requirements,\u201d Indiana Department of Education, Accessed March 6th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.in.gov\/doe\/students\/graduation-pathways\/diploma-requirements\/#:~:text=To%20earn%20an%20Indiana%20Diploma,if%20offered%20by%20the%20school<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201c2020-2021 Indiana Accountability Waiver,\u201d Indiana Department of Education, Accessed March 5th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.in.gov\/doe\/files\/2020-2021-indiana-accountability-waiver.pdf.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jennifer McCormick, \u201cIndiana Student Centered A-F Accountability System,\u201d Indiana Department of Education, Accessed March 5th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.in.gov\/doe\/files\/f-accountability-presentation.pdf.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cFlexibility from Indiana Graduation Requirements in Response to COVID-19.\u201d Indiana Department of Education. Accessed March 1st, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.in.gov\/doe\/files\/2020-graduation-requirements-final-4220.pdf.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cOur Association,\u201d Indiana State Teachers Association, Accessed March 20th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.ista-in.org\/our-association.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cAFT Leadership,\u201d American Federation of Teachers, 2020. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.aft.org\/about\/leadership\/gleneva-dunham#:~:text=AFT%20Vice%20President,members%20in%2024%20local%20unions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cPercentage of public school teachers who indicated that they were members of a union,\u201d National Center of Education Statistics, Accessed March 14th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/surveys\/ntps\/tables\/ntps1718_20111201_t1s.asp.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cHow experienced are Indiana educators?\u201d Indiana Department of Education, Accessed March 25th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/inview.doe.in.gov\/state\/1088000000\/educator.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rebecca Estes, \u201cRISE 3.0 State Model Plan for Teacher Evaluations Release,\u201d Indiana Department of Education, 2020. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.in.gov\/doe\/files\/rise-model-plan-release-memodocx.pdf.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cA Roadmap for Improving Indiana Teacher Compensation,\u201d Indiana Department of Education, Accessed March 20th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.in.gov\/gov\/files\/Teacher-Pay-Report-FINAL.pdf.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cPublic Charter School Enrollment,\u201d National Center for Education Statistics, Accessed March 20th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/programs\/coe\/indicator\/cgb#suggested-citation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;Choice Scholarship Program Annual Report,&#8221; Indiana Department of Education, Accessed March 19th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.in.gov\/doe\/files\/2021-2022-Annual-Report-0428-Final.pdf.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Margaret Menge, \u201cIndiana expands school voucher program to include most middle-class families,\u201d The Center Square, 2021. https:\/\/www.thecentersquare.com\/indiana\/indiana-expands-school-voucher-program-to-include-most-middle-class-families\/article_32683b9a-a47b-11eb-a897-f3fa80ecee15.html.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Elizabeth A Dobis, \u201cDimensions of Indiana Poverty,\u201d Indiana Business Review, Accessed May 4th, 2022. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.ibrc.indiana.edu\/ibr\/2019\/fall\/article1.html.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cExamination of Indiana\u2019s School Funding System Finds Gaps Based on Students\u2019 Income, Race and School Type,\u201d Richard M. Fairbanks Foundation, 2020. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.rmff.org\/news-releases\/examination-of-indianas-school-funding-system-finds-gaps-based-on-students-income-race-and-school-type\/.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Eric Weddle, \u201cSchool Choice Expansion Bill Approved By House Amid Contentious Debate,\u201d WFYI Indianapolis, 2021.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.wfyi.org\/news\/articles\/controversial-school-choice-expansion-bill-approved-by-house.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Indiana&#8217;s Statewide Education Profile Cole Fairfield Student Population Demographics The total public school student population\u00a0 1,032,011 students [1]\u00a0 Public v. private school attendance 1,032,011 public vs. 115,421 private [2] Expenditure Statistics National average per-pupil expenditure for public schools\u00a0 \u00a0$14,360 [1] Indiana average per-pupil expenditure\u00a0 $11,265 [1] \u00a0Total state public education budget $10,962,029 [1] High vs. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":11,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-65","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/65","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/65\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-1101-spring-2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}