{"id":17,"date":"2014-11-10T12:57:05","date_gmt":"2014-11-10T17:57:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014\/?page_id=17"},"modified":"2014-12-20T13:16:58","modified_gmt":"2014-12-20T18:16:58","slug":"how-to-do-a-footnote","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014-mjimenez\/how-to-do-a-footnote\/","title":{"rendered":"Tensions and Resistance"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Banned Mexican American Studies in Arizona<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Unfortunately, the benefits of courses that implement culturally relevant curriculum, such as Ethnic Studies or Mexican American studies, are not recognized by all education stakeholders and are\u00a0perceived by some as a &#8220;threat&#8221; to democracy. In 2010, Arizona passed a law stating that <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-127 \" src=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014-mjimenez\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2014\/11\/political-cartoon.jpg\" alt=\"political cartoon\" width=\"414\" height=\"289\" srcset=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014-mjimenez\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2014\/11\/political-cartoon.jpg 600w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014-mjimenez\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2014\/11\/political-cartoon-150x104.jpg 150w, https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014-mjimenez\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2014\/11\/political-cartoon-300x209.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\" \/>the government could pull 10% of school district funding if any school in the district had classes that<sup>2<\/sup>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Advocate ethnic solidarity rather than treating pupils as individuals,<\/li>\n<li>Promote resentment toward a race or class of people,<\/li>\n<li>Are designed primarily for pupils of a particular ethnic group, or<\/li>\n<li>Promote the overthrow of the U.S. government.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>This led several districts, such as the Tucson Unified School District (TUSD), to remove their Mexican American Studies (MAS) courses from schools because keeping the programs would have cost schools approximately $15 million.<sup>7<\/sup> Students, staff, and parents of students in the TUSD protested and fought against the legislation and removal of\u00a0MAS. In July 2013, their case was heard by a federal judge who ordered TUSD to reinstate MAS as well as African-American studies, calling them, &#8220;culturally relevant curriculum.&#8221;<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Precious Knowledge <sup>5<\/sup><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Precious Knowledge is a film that documents how Curtis Acosta, a teacher at TUSD, and his students fought the MAS ban in Arizona. This powerful film speaks to the importance that culturally relevant curriculum has for students, as well as the possibilities that lie within student activism.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Precious Knowledge | Trailer\" width=\"625\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0ExJ2gly0m4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Banned Mexican American Studies in Arizona Unfortunately, the benefits of courses that implement culturally relevant curriculum, such as Ethnic Studies or Mexican American studies, are not recognized by all education stakeholders and are\u00a0perceived by some as a &#8220;threat&#8221; to democracy. In 2010, Arizona passed a law stating that the government could pull 10% of school [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014-mjimenez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014-mjimenez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014-mjimenez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014-mjimenez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014-mjimenez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014-mjimenez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-fall-2014-mjimenez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}