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Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. 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Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. 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National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cofionline.org\/COFI\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/PowerPac-logo-web.jpg?resize=1024%2C1024\"){kind=link}
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Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/763411353591648256\/LmEGsGlP_400x400.jpg\"){kind=link}
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Retrieved […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/scontent.fbos1-1.fna.fbcdn.net\/v\/t1.0-1\/c2.0.480.480\/p480x480\/11951850_689280264506009_8530668876910947858_n.jpg?oh=b806c188513e0ae2001ebabf9a98ccae&oe=59AD2A08\"){kind=link}
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The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 12.<\/p>\n[74]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Figure 2: African American, Hispanic, and Low-Income Children Access High-Quality Programs at Lower Rates.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 9.<\/p>\n[75]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>1-29. Retrieved from http:\/\/nieer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/NIEER-AchievementGaps-report.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n[76]<\/a> Garcia, J., Heckman, J., Leaf, D., & Prados, M. (2016). The Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/em>Working Paper, 1-72.<\/p>\n[77]<\/a> Naithram, R. (2014). Americans Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding Early Childhood Education. Is Congress Listening? National Educational Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2014\/07\/28\/americans-overwhelmingly-favor-expanding-early-childhood-education-is-congress-listening\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[78]<\/a> Flannery, M. (2012). What Does High-Quality Early Childhood Education Look Like? National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"http:\/\/raisingcaliforniatogether.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/RCT-weblogo_300px.jpg\"){kind=link}
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The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 12.<\/p>\n[74]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Figure 2: African American, Hispanic, and Low-Income Children Access High-Quality Programs at Lower Rates.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 9.<\/p>\n[75]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>1-29. Retrieved from http:\/\/nieer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/NIEER-AchievementGaps-report.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n[76]<\/a> Garcia, J., Heckman, J., Leaf, D., & Prados, M. (2016). The Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/em>Working Paper, 1-72.<\/p>\n[77]<\/a> Naithram, R. (2014). Americans Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding Early Childhood Education. Is Congress Listening? National Educational Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2014\/07\/28\/americans-overwhelmingly-favor-expanding-early-childhood-education-is-congress-listening\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[78]<\/a> Flannery, M. (2012). What Does High-Quality Early Childhood Education Look Like? National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"http:\/\/www.familyforwardaction.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/FFA-Logo-400.png\"){kind=link}
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The Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/em>Working Paper, 1-72.<\/p>\n[77]<\/a> Naithram, R. (2014). Americans Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding Early Childhood Education. Is Congress Listening? National Educational Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2014\/07\/28\/americans-overwhelmingly-favor-expanding-early-childhood-education-is-congress-listening\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[78]<\/a> Flannery, M. (2012). What Does High-Quality Early Childhood Education Look Like? National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. 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The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 12.<\/p>\n[74]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Figure 2: African American, Hispanic, and Low-Income Children Access High-Quality Programs at Lower Rates.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 9.<\/p>\n[75]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>1-29. Retrieved from http:\/\/nieer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/NIEER-AchievementGaps-report.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n[76]<\/a> Garcia, J., Heckman, J., Leaf, D., & Prados, M. (2016). The Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/em>Working Paper, 1-72.<\/p>\n[77]<\/a> Naithram, R. (2014). Americans Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding Early Childhood Education. Is Congress Listening? National Educational Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2014\/07\/28\/americans-overwhelmingly-favor-expanding-early-childhood-education-is-congress-listening\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[78]<\/a> Flannery, M. (2012). What Does High-Quality Early Childhood Education Look Like? National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. 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Suki Graves M.Ed. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/SukiGraves<\/a>.<\/p>\n[55]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8; Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 125.<\/p>\n[56]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 4.<\/p>\n[57]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 9.<\/p>\n[58]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 43.<\/p>\n[59]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[60]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 133.<\/p>\n[61]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126-128.<\/p>\n[62]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136.<\/p>\n[63]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136-138.<\/p>\n[64]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126.<\/p>\n[65]<\/a> Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Figure 3: Children Enrolled in Preschool, Three- and Four-Year-Olds.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Can Early Childhood Interventions Decrease Inequality of Economic Opportunity? The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, <\/em>2(2): p. 133.<\/p>\n[66]<\/a>\u00a0Dogget, L., & Wat, A. (2010). Why PreK for All? The Phi Delta Kappan <\/em>92(3): p. 9.<\/p>\n[67]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8.<\/p>\n[68]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 5-6.<\/p>\n[69]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n[70]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 8- 9.<\/p>\n[71]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[72]<\/a> Office of the Press Secretary. (2016). Archived Information: Supporting Dual Language Learners in Early Learning Settings. U.S. Department of Education. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/news\/press-releases\/fact-sheet-supporting-dual-language-learners-early-learning-settings?utm_name<\/a>=.<\/p>\n[73]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Table 2: Estimated Reductions in Kindergarten Achievement Gaps after Implementing a High-Quality UPK Program.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 12.<\/p>\n[74]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Figure 2: African American, Hispanic, and Low-Income Children Access High-Quality Programs at Lower Rates.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 9.<\/p>\n[75]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>1-29. Retrieved from http:\/\/nieer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/NIEER-AchievementGaps-report.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n[76]<\/a> Garcia, J., Heckman, J., Leaf, D., & Prados, M. (2016). The Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/em>Working Paper, 1-72.<\/p>\n[77]<\/a> Naithram, R. (2014). Americans Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding Early Childhood Education. Is Congress Listening? National Educational Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2014\/07\/28\/americans-overwhelmingly-favor-expanding-early-childhood-education-is-congress-listening\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[78]<\/a> Flannery, M. (2012). What Does High-Quality Early Childhood Education Look Like? National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"http:\/\/childcarelaw.org\/wp-content\/themes\/CCLC\/images\/CCLC_logo.png\"){kind=link}
![http:\/\/www.childrensdefense.org\/assets\/cdf-images\/logos\/logo_int.gif<\/a>.<\/p>\n[37]<\/a> Children\u2019s Defense Fund. (n.d.). Our Mission. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/www.childrensdefense.org\/about\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[38]<\/a> Children\u2019s Defense Fund. (n.d.). Children\u2019s Defense Fund. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/ChildDefender<\/a>; Children\u2019s Defense Fund. (n.d.). Children\u2019s Defense Fund. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/childrensdefensefund\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[39]<\/a> Children\u2019s Defense Fund. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/childrensdefensefund\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[40]<\/a> Profile Images. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/461579321807618048\/qg2ksNqo.jpeg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[41]<\/a> 9to5. (n.d.). Our Story. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/9to5.org\/about-us\/our-story-2\/.<\/p>\n[42]<\/a> Children Now Logo. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.childrennow.org\/themes\/childrennow\/assets\/images\/logo.png<\/a>.<\/p>\n[43]<\/a> Children Now. (n.d.). Children Now: Home. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Children-Now-224016820554\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[44]<\/a> Profile Images. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/817452578707410945\/-U-xgzGF_400x400.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[45]<\/a> Generation to Generation. (n.d.). About Generation to Generation. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/generationtogeneration.org\/about-us\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[46]<\/a> Generation to Generation. (n.d.). Take the Gen2Gen Summer Challenge. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/generationtogeneration.org\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[47]<\/a> Generation to Generation. (n.d.). Encore.org. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Encore.org\/<\/a>; Generation to Generation. (n.d.). Encore.org. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/EncoreOrg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[48]<\/a> Annie Murphy Paul Head Shot. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/2120251878\/annie_murphy_paul.head_shot_400x400.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[49]<\/a> Murphy Paul, A. (n.d.). Annie Murphy Paul. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/anniemurphypaul?lang=en<\/a>.<\/p>\n[50]<\/a> Laura Bornfreund Person Image. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/na-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/laura-bornfreund_person_image.original.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[51]<\/a> New America. (n.d.). Our People: Laura Bornfreund. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/our-people\/laura-bornfreund\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[52]<\/a> Suki Graves. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/742573069680578560\/TXcHPk5H.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[53]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sukigraves\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[54]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves M.Ed. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/SukiGraves<\/a>.<\/p>\n[55]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8; Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 125.<\/p>\n[56]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 4.<\/p>\n[57]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 9.<\/p>\n[58]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 43.<\/p>\n[59]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[60]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 133.<\/p>\n[61]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126-128.<\/p>\n[62]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136.<\/p>\n[63]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136-138.<\/p>\n[64]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126.<\/p>\n[65]<\/a> Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Figure 3: Children Enrolled in Preschool, Three- and Four-Year-Olds.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Can Early Childhood Interventions Decrease Inequality of Economic Opportunity? The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, <\/em>2(2): p. 133.<\/p>\n[66]<\/a>\u00a0Dogget, L., & Wat, A. (2010). Why PreK for All? The Phi Delta Kappan <\/em>92(3): p. 9.<\/p>\n[67]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8.<\/p>\n[68]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 5-6.<\/p>\n[69]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n[70]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 8- 9.<\/p>\n[71]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[72]<\/a> Office of the Press Secretary. (2016). Archived Information: Supporting Dual Language Learners in Early Learning Settings. U.S. Department of Education. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/news\/press-releases\/fact-sheet-supporting-dual-language-learners-early-learning-settings?utm_name<\/a>=.<\/p>\n[73]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Table 2: Estimated Reductions in Kindergarten Achievement Gaps after Implementing a High-Quality UPK Program.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 12.<\/p>\n[74]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Figure 2: African American, Hispanic, and Low-Income Children Access High-Quality Programs at Lower Rates.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 9.<\/p>\n[75]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>1-29. Retrieved from http:\/\/nieer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/NIEER-AchievementGaps-report.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n[76]<\/a> Garcia, J., Heckman, J., Leaf, D., & Prados, M. (2016). The Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/em>Working Paper, 1-72.<\/p>\n[77]<\/a> Naithram, R. (2014). Americans Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding Early Childhood Education. Is Congress Listening? National Educational Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2014\/07\/28\/americans-overwhelmingly-favor-expanding-early-childhood-education-is-congress-listening\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[78]<\/a> Flannery, M. (2012). What Does High-Quality Early Childhood Education Look Like? National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. 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![https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/461579321807618048\/qg2ksNqo.jpeg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[41]<\/a> 9to5. (n.d.). Our Story. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/9to5.org\/about-us\/our-story-2\/.<\/p>\n[42]<\/a> Children Now Logo. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.childrennow.org\/themes\/childrennow\/assets\/images\/logo.png<\/a>.<\/p>\n[43]<\/a> Children Now. (n.d.). Children Now: Home. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Children-Now-224016820554\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[44]<\/a> Profile Images. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/817452578707410945\/-U-xgzGF_400x400.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[45]<\/a> Generation to Generation. (n.d.). About Generation to Generation. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/generationtogeneration.org\/about-us\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[46]<\/a> Generation to Generation. (n.d.). Take the Gen2Gen Summer Challenge. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/generationtogeneration.org\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[47]<\/a> Generation to Generation. (n.d.). Encore.org. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Encore.org\/<\/a>; Generation to Generation. (n.d.). Encore.org. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/EncoreOrg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[48]<\/a> Annie Murphy Paul Head Shot. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/2120251878\/annie_murphy_paul.head_shot_400x400.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[49]<\/a> Murphy Paul, A. (n.d.). Annie Murphy Paul. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/anniemurphypaul?lang=en<\/a>.<\/p>\n[50]<\/a> Laura Bornfreund Person Image. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/na-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/laura-bornfreund_person_image.original.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[51]<\/a> New America. (n.d.). Our People: Laura Bornfreund. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/our-people\/laura-bornfreund\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[52]<\/a> Suki Graves. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/742573069680578560\/TXcHPk5H.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[53]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sukigraves\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[54]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves M.Ed. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/SukiGraves<\/a>.<\/p>\n[55]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8; Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 125.<\/p>\n[56]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 4.<\/p>\n[57]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 9.<\/p>\n[58]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 43.<\/p>\n[59]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[60]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 133.<\/p>\n[61]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126-128.<\/p>\n[62]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136.<\/p>\n[63]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136-138.<\/p>\n[64]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126.<\/p>\n[65]<\/a> Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Figure 3: Children Enrolled in Preschool, Three- and Four-Year-Olds.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Can Early Childhood Interventions Decrease Inequality of Economic Opportunity? The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, <\/em>2(2): p. 133.<\/p>\n[66]<\/a>\u00a0Dogget, L., & Wat, A. (2010). Why PreK for All? The Phi Delta Kappan <\/em>92(3): p. 9.<\/p>\n[67]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8.<\/p>\n[68]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 5-6.<\/p>\n[69]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n[70]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 8- 9.<\/p>\n[71]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[72]<\/a> Office of the Press Secretary. (2016). Archived Information: Supporting Dual Language Learners in Early Learning Settings. U.S. Department of Education. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/news\/press-releases\/fact-sheet-supporting-dual-language-learners-early-learning-settings?utm_name<\/a>=.<\/p>\n[73]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Table 2: Estimated Reductions in Kindergarten Achievement Gaps after Implementing a High-Quality UPK Program.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 12.<\/p>\n[74]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Figure 2: African American, Hispanic, and Low-Income Children Access High-Quality Programs at Lower Rates.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 9.<\/p>\n[75]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>1-29. Retrieved from http:\/\/nieer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/NIEER-AchievementGaps-report.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n[76]<\/a> Garcia, J., Heckman, J., Leaf, D., & Prados, M. (2016). The Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/em>Working Paper, 1-72.<\/p>\n[77]<\/a> Naithram, R. (2014). Americans Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding Early Childhood Education. Is Congress Listening? National Educational Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2014\/07\/28\/americans-overwhelmingly-favor-expanding-early-childhood-education-is-congress-listening\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[78]<\/a> Flannery, M. (2012). What Does High-Quality Early Childhood Education Look Like? National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/461579321807618048\/qg2ksNqo.jpeg\"){kind=link}
![https:\/\/www.childrennow.org\/themes\/childrennow\/assets\/images\/logo.png<\/a>.<\/p>\n[43]<\/a> Children Now. (n.d.). Children Now: Home. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Children-Now-224016820554\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[44]<\/a> Profile Images. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/817452578707410945\/-U-xgzGF_400x400.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[45]<\/a> Generation to Generation. (n.d.). About Generation to Generation. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/generationtogeneration.org\/about-us\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[46]<\/a> Generation to Generation. (n.d.). Take the Gen2Gen Summer Challenge. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/generationtogeneration.org\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[47]<\/a> Generation to Generation. (n.d.). Encore.org. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Encore.org\/<\/a>; Generation to Generation. (n.d.). Encore.org. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/EncoreOrg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[48]<\/a> Annie Murphy Paul Head Shot. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/2120251878\/annie_murphy_paul.head_shot_400x400.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[49]<\/a> Murphy Paul, A. (n.d.). Annie Murphy Paul. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/anniemurphypaul?lang=en<\/a>.<\/p>\n[50]<\/a> Laura Bornfreund Person Image. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/na-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/laura-bornfreund_person_image.original.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[51]<\/a> New America. (n.d.). Our People: Laura Bornfreund. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/our-people\/laura-bornfreund\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[52]<\/a> Suki Graves. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/742573069680578560\/TXcHPk5H.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[53]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sukigraves\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[54]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves M.Ed. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/SukiGraves<\/a>.<\/p>\n[55]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8; Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 125.<\/p>\n[56]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 4.<\/p>\n[57]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 9.<\/p>\n[58]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 43.<\/p>\n[59]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[60]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 133.<\/p>\n[61]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126-128.<\/p>\n[62]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136.<\/p>\n[63]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136-138.<\/p>\n[64]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126.<\/p>\n[65]<\/a> Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Figure 3: Children Enrolled in Preschool, Three- and Four-Year-Olds.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Can Early Childhood Interventions Decrease Inequality of Economic Opportunity? The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, <\/em>2(2): p. 133.<\/p>\n[66]<\/a>\u00a0Dogget, L., & Wat, A. (2010). Why PreK for All? The Phi Delta Kappan <\/em>92(3): p. 9.<\/p>\n[67]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8.<\/p>\n[68]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 5-6.<\/p>\n[69]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n[70]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 8- 9.<\/p>\n[71]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[72]<\/a> Office of the Press Secretary. (2016). Archived Information: Supporting Dual Language Learners in Early Learning Settings. U.S. Department of Education. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/news\/press-releases\/fact-sheet-supporting-dual-language-learners-early-learning-settings?utm_name<\/a>=.<\/p>\n[73]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Table 2: Estimated Reductions in Kindergarten Achievement Gaps after Implementing a High-Quality UPK Program.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 12.<\/p>\n[74]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Figure 2: African American, Hispanic, and Low-Income Children Access High-Quality Programs at Lower Rates.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 9.<\/p>\n[75]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>1-29. Retrieved from http:\/\/nieer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/NIEER-AchievementGaps-report.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n[76]<\/a> Garcia, J., Heckman, J., Leaf, D., & Prados, M. (2016). The Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/em>Working Paper, 1-72.<\/p>\n[77]<\/a> Naithram, R. (2014). Americans Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding Early Childhood Education. Is Congress Listening? National Educational Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2014\/07\/28\/americans-overwhelmingly-favor-expanding-early-childhood-education-is-congress-listening\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[78]<\/a> Flannery, M. (2012). What Does High-Quality Early Childhood Education Look Like? National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/www.childrennow.org\/themes\/childrennow\/assets\/images\/logo.png\"){kind=link}
![https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/817452578707410945\/-U-xgzGF_400x400.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[45]<\/a> Generation to Generation. (n.d.). About Generation to Generation. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/generationtogeneration.org\/about-us\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[46]<\/a> Generation to Generation. (n.d.). Take the Gen2Gen Summer Challenge. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/generationtogeneration.org\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[47]<\/a> Generation to Generation. (n.d.). Encore.org. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Encore.org\/<\/a>; Generation to Generation. (n.d.). Encore.org. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/EncoreOrg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[48]<\/a> Annie Murphy Paul Head Shot. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/2120251878\/annie_murphy_paul.head_shot_400x400.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[49]<\/a> Murphy Paul, A. (n.d.). Annie Murphy Paul. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/anniemurphypaul?lang=en<\/a>.<\/p>\n[50]<\/a> Laura Bornfreund Person Image. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/na-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/laura-bornfreund_person_image.original.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[51]<\/a> New America. (n.d.). Our People: Laura Bornfreund. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/our-people\/laura-bornfreund\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[52]<\/a> Suki Graves. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/742573069680578560\/TXcHPk5H.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[53]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sukigraves\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[54]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves M.Ed. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/SukiGraves<\/a>.<\/p>\n[55]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8; Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 125.<\/p>\n[56]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 4.<\/p>\n[57]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 9.<\/p>\n[58]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 43.<\/p>\n[59]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[60]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 133.<\/p>\n[61]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126-128.<\/p>\n[62]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136.<\/p>\n[63]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136-138.<\/p>\n[64]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126.<\/p>\n[65]<\/a> Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Figure 3: Children Enrolled in Preschool, Three- and Four-Year-Olds.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Can Early Childhood Interventions Decrease Inequality of Economic Opportunity? The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, <\/em>2(2): p. 133.<\/p>\n[66]<\/a>\u00a0Dogget, L., & Wat, A. (2010). Why PreK for All? The Phi Delta Kappan <\/em>92(3): p. 9.<\/p>\n[67]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8.<\/p>\n[68]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 5-6.<\/p>\n[69]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n[70]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 8- 9.<\/p>\n[71]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[72]<\/a> Office of the Press Secretary. (2016). Archived Information: Supporting Dual Language Learners in Early Learning Settings. U.S. Department of Education. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/news\/press-releases\/fact-sheet-supporting-dual-language-learners-early-learning-settings?utm_name<\/a>=.<\/p>\n[73]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Table 2: Estimated Reductions in Kindergarten Achievement Gaps after Implementing a High-Quality UPK Program.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 12.<\/p>\n[74]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Figure 2: African American, Hispanic, and Low-Income Children Access High-Quality Programs at Lower Rates.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 9.<\/p>\n[75]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>1-29. Retrieved from http:\/\/nieer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/NIEER-AchievementGaps-report.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n[76]<\/a> Garcia, J., Heckman, J., Leaf, D., & Prados, M. (2016). The Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/em>Working Paper, 1-72.<\/p>\n[77]<\/a> Naithram, R. (2014). Americans Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding Early Childhood Education. Is Congress Listening? National Educational Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2014\/07\/28\/americans-overwhelmingly-favor-expanding-early-childhood-education-is-congress-listening\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[78]<\/a> Flannery, M. (2012). What Does High-Quality Early Childhood Education Look Like? National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/817452578707410945\/-U-xgzGF_400x400.jpg\"){kind=link}
![https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/2120251878\/annie_murphy_paul.head_shot_400x400.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[49]<\/a> Murphy Paul, A. (n.d.). Annie Murphy Paul. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/anniemurphypaul?lang=en<\/a>.<\/p>\n[50]<\/a> Laura Bornfreund Person Image. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/na-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/laura-bornfreund_person_image.original.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[51]<\/a> New America. (n.d.). Our People: Laura Bornfreund. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/our-people\/laura-bornfreund\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[52]<\/a> Suki Graves. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/742573069680578560\/TXcHPk5H.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[53]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sukigraves\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[54]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves M.Ed. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/SukiGraves<\/a>.<\/p>\n[55]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8; Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 125.<\/p>\n[56]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 4.<\/p>\n[57]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 9.<\/p>\n[58]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 43.<\/p>\n[59]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[60]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 133.<\/p>\n[61]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126-128.<\/p>\n[62]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136.<\/p>\n[63]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136-138.<\/p>\n[64]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126.<\/p>\n[65]<\/a> Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Figure 3: Children Enrolled in Preschool, Three- and Four-Year-Olds.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Can Early Childhood Interventions Decrease Inequality of Economic Opportunity? The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, <\/em>2(2): p. 133.<\/p>\n[66]<\/a>\u00a0Dogget, L., & Wat, A. (2010). Why PreK for All? The Phi Delta Kappan <\/em>92(3): p. 9.<\/p>\n[67]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8.<\/p>\n[68]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 5-6.<\/p>\n[69]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n[70]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 8- 9.<\/p>\n[71]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[72]<\/a> Office of the Press Secretary. (2016). Archived Information: Supporting Dual Language Learners in Early Learning Settings. U.S. Department of Education. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/news\/press-releases\/fact-sheet-supporting-dual-language-learners-early-learning-settings?utm_name<\/a>=.<\/p>\n[73]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Table 2: Estimated Reductions in Kindergarten Achievement Gaps after Implementing a High-Quality UPK Program.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 12.<\/p>\n[74]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Figure 2: African American, Hispanic, and Low-Income Children Access High-Quality Programs at Lower Rates.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 9.<\/p>\n[75]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>1-29. Retrieved from http:\/\/nieer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/NIEER-AchievementGaps-report.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n[76]<\/a> Garcia, J., Heckman, J., Leaf, D., & Prados, M. (2016). The Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/em>Working Paper, 1-72.<\/p>\n[77]<\/a> Naithram, R. (2014). Americans Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding Early Childhood Education. Is Congress Listening? National Educational Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2014\/07\/28\/americans-overwhelmingly-favor-expanding-early-childhood-education-is-congress-listening\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[78]<\/a> Flannery, M. (2012). What Does High-Quality Early Childhood Education Look Like? National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/2120251878\/annie_murphy_paul.head_shot_400x400.jpg\"){kind=link}
![https:\/\/na-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/laura-bornfreund_person_image.original.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[51]<\/a> New America. (n.d.). Our People: Laura Bornfreund. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/our-people\/laura-bornfreund\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[52]<\/a> Suki Graves. [Electronic Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/742573069680578560\/TXcHPk5H.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[53]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sukigraves\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[54]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves M.Ed. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/SukiGraves<\/a>.<\/p>\n[55]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8; Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 125.<\/p>\n[56]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 4.<\/p>\n[57]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 9.<\/p>\n[58]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 43.<\/p>\n[59]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[60]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 133.<\/p>\n[61]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126-128.<\/p>\n[62]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136.<\/p>\n[63]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136-138.<\/p>\n[64]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126.<\/p>\n[65]<\/a> Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Figure 3: Children Enrolled in Preschool, Three- and Four-Year-Olds.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Can Early Childhood Interventions Decrease Inequality of Economic Opportunity? The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, <\/em>2(2): p. 133.<\/p>\n[66]<\/a>\u00a0Dogget, L., & Wat, A. (2010). Why PreK for All? The Phi Delta Kappan <\/em>92(3): p. 9.<\/p>\n[67]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8.<\/p>\n[68]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 5-6.<\/p>\n[69]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n[70]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 8- 9.<\/p>\n[71]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[72]<\/a> Office of the Press Secretary. (2016). Archived Information: Supporting Dual Language Learners in Early Learning Settings. U.S. Department of Education. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/news\/press-releases\/fact-sheet-supporting-dual-language-learners-early-learning-settings?utm_name<\/a>=.<\/p>\n[73]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Table 2: Estimated Reductions in Kindergarten Achievement Gaps after Implementing a High-Quality UPK Program.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 12.<\/p>\n[74]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Figure 2: African American, Hispanic, and Low-Income Children Access High-Quality Programs at Lower Rates.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 9.<\/p>\n[75]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>1-29. Retrieved from http:\/\/nieer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/NIEER-AchievementGaps-report.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n[76]<\/a> Garcia, J., Heckman, J., Leaf, D., & Prados, M. (2016). The Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/em>Working Paper, 1-72.<\/p>\n[77]<\/a> Naithram, R. (2014). Americans Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding Early Childhood Education. Is Congress Listening? National Educational Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2014\/07\/28\/americans-overwhelmingly-favor-expanding-early-childhood-education-is-congress-listening\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[78]<\/a> Flannery, M. (2012). What Does High-Quality Early Childhood Education Look Like? National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/na-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/laura-bornfreund_person_image.original.jpg\"){kind=link}
![https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/742573069680578560\/TXcHPk5H.jpg<\/a>.<\/p>\n[53]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sukigraves\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[54]<\/a> Suki Graves. (n.d.). Suki Graves M.Ed. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/twitter.com\/SukiGraves<\/a>.<\/p>\n[55]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8; Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 125.<\/p>\n[56]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 4.<\/p>\n[57]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 9.<\/p>\n[58]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 43.<\/p>\n[59]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[60]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 133.<\/p>\n[61]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126-128.<\/p>\n[62]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136.<\/p>\n[63]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, p. 136-138.<\/p>\n[64]<\/a> Magnuson & Duncan, 2016, p. 126.<\/p>\n[65]<\/a> Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Figure 3: Children Enrolled in Preschool, Three- and Four-Year-Olds.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. (2016). Can Early Childhood Interventions Decrease Inequality of Economic Opportunity? The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, <\/em>2(2): p. 133.<\/p>\n[66]<\/a>\u00a0Dogget, L., & Wat, A. (2010). Why PreK for All? The Phi Delta Kappan <\/em>92(3): p. 9.<\/p>\n[67]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 1 & 8.<\/p>\n[68]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 5-6.<\/p>\n[69]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n[70]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 8- 9.<\/p>\n[71]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[72]<\/a> Office of the Press Secretary. (2016). Archived Information: Supporting Dual Language Learners in Early Learning Settings. U.S. Department of Education. <\/em>Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/news\/press-releases\/fact-sheet-supporting-dual-language-learners-early-learning-settings?utm_name<\/a>=.<\/p>\n[73]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Table 2: Estimated Reductions in Kindergarten Achievement Gaps after Implementing a High-Quality UPK Program.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 12.<\/p>\n[74]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss et al. (2016). Figure 2: African American, Hispanic, and Low-Income Children Access High-Quality Programs at Lower Rates.<\/em> [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>p. 9.<\/p>\n[75]<\/a> Friedman-Krauss, A., Steven Barnett, W., & Nores, M. (2016). How Much Can High-Quality Universal Pre-K Reduce Achievement Gaps?. The Center for American Progress <\/em>and The National Institute for Early Education Research, <\/em>1-29. Retrieved from http:\/\/nieer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/NIEER-AchievementGaps-report.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n[76]<\/a> Garcia, J., Heckman, J., Leaf, D., & Prados, M. (2016). The Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/em>Working Paper, 1-72.<\/p>\n[77]<\/a> Naithram, R. (2014). Americans Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding Early Childhood Education. Is Congress Listening? National Educational Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2014\/07\/28\/americans-overwhelmingly-favor-expanding-early-childhood-education-is-congress-listening\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[78]<\/a> Flannery, M. (2012). What Does High-Quality Early Childhood Education Look Like? National Education Association Today. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/neatoday.org\/2012\/04\/04\/what-does-high-quality-early-childhood-education-look-like-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n[79]<\/a> Garcia et al, 2016, pp. 54.<\/p>\n[80]<\/a> Friedman et al, 2016, p. 12.<\/p>\n[81]<\/a> Krauss et al, 2016, p. 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Header Image: Milwaukee Family Childcare. (n.d.). Cuddly Bear Child Care. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/tracysgiftstore.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/color-pencils-vector_MkBNrWPd-1.png. FOOTNOTES: [1] Atchison et al, 2016, p. 2. [2] The Washington Post. (2015). The States where Parents Spend the Most on Child Care [Electronic Image]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/05\/20\/the-states-with-the-most-and-least-expensive-child-care\/?utm_term=.8b17d51ed481; New America and Care.com. (2017). Where Care Costs the Most. [Electronic Image]. Retrieved […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2017-cgoodric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/profile_images\/742573069680578560\/TXcHPk5H.jpg\"){kind=link}