{"id":203,"date":"2018-05-02T20:21:59","date_gmt":"2018-05-03T00:21:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2018-mfriedl2\/?page_id=203"},"modified":"2018-05-18T16:05:59","modified_gmt":"2018-05-18T20:05:59","slug":"peer-reviewed-article-synthesis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2018-mfriedl2\/peer-reviewed-article-synthesis\/","title":{"rendered":"Testimony and Triumph: Peer-Reviewed Article Synthesis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>While many scholars have identified the need for educators to descriptively represent the communities they teach in, few pose solutions to the hurdles teachers of color (TOCs) must jump to be successful. \u00a0The works of Farima Pour-Khorsid and Carol Gist explore the significance of \u201ctestimonios\u201d (Pour-Khorsid, 2016, p. 1), or the sharing of personal experiences among educators of color, in building resilient communities of TOCs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Testimonios<\/strong>: Both research studies focused on the \u201ctestimonios\u201d of teachers and aspiring teachers. These written and oral testimonies, borrowing from Critical Race Theory\u2019s counterstory narratives, allow teachers to communicate their experiences in order to learn from each other &amp; to disprove white supremacist narratives of urban education (Pour-Khorsid, 2016, p. 5).<\/p>\n<p>A key difference between the two studies is what value they place on the testimonio. While Gist focuses more on educators\u2019 testimonios as a way to identify and draw attention to problems teachers of color face that might otherwise go unnoticed\/unexamined by others, Pour-Khorsid views the testimonio as a solution to problems in and of itself.<\/p>\n<p>Pour-Khorsid explores how testimonios can be used to fight these problems directly, through building communal resilience and maintaining teachers\u2019 desire to fight against a system that constantly wears them down. Sharing defeats apathy by creating a community to remind TOCs why they teach in the first place.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, Gist explores how \u201cteacher community groups\u201d (Gist, 2018, p. 17) not only help build resilience through solidarity; testimonios also help identify the specific needs of TOCs &amp; boundaries they face that might otherwise go overlooked by a white supremacist system. Bringing together a<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Jamila Lyiscott: 3 ways to speak English\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.ted.com\/talks\/jamila_lyiscott_3_ways_to_speak_english\" width=\"625\" height=\"352\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowFullScreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cultural Capital <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Why do TOCs represent 18% of the public school workforce when students of color make up about half of all American public schools (Gist, 2018, p. 1)? To better understand the systematic barriers facing people of color who want to become educators for the good of their own communities, both articles draw from testimonios of teachers and aspiring teachers of color.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Using the language of Critical Race Theory, they identify the intangible \u201ccultural capital\u201d that allows people to operate in our social system (Gist, 2018, p. 7). Using examples from teacher\u2019s testimonios, this chart explains types of capital:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\">Types of Capital<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">Deficit<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">Strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\">Linguistic<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">-internalizing as a child being told by a white Spanish teacher that your colloquial Spanish isn\u2019t valid<\/p>\n<p>-internalizing being told by a white teacher that your AAVE isn\u2019t real English<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">-Being a polylingual cultural broker<\/p>\n<p>-Being a successful (ESL) teacher for other children w\/multilingual backgrounds<\/p>\n<p>(Pour-Khorsid, 2016)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\">Resistant<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">children who become teachers are usually successful in school, which means they learned how to \u201cuncritically consume whatever is taught in school to avoid punishment\u201d (Pour-Khorsid, 2016, p. 9)<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">Looking toward family\/community members in who resisted the system, rather than those who \u201cmade it\u201d &amp; assimilated (Gist, 2018, p. 22)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\">Aspirational<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">-desires to assimilate: internalize narrative of American Dream<\/p>\n<p>-need to make $ to escape poverty; cannot prioritize social change<\/p>\n<p>(Gist, 2018)<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\">Familial<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">Social networks can inspire individuals out of apathy, &amp; create strong organizations to incite change \u00a0(Pour-Khorsid, 2016)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Sharing testimonios helps TOCs recognize how cultural capital affects their experiences, &amp; how, when possible, one can turn apparent deficits in capital into strengths. Communities of teachers can work together to identify shared problems in order to bring systematic racism out of the shadows.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>More on testimonios<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The following is a video of a counterstory (not from a teacher of color): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FQlyqsIJxSs\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FQlyqsIJxSs<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Works Cited<\/p>\n<p>Gist, Carol. (2018). Moving Teachers of\u00a0Color from\u00a0the\u00a0Margin to\u00a0the\u00a0Center: Analyzing Teacher<\/p>\n<p>Testimonies of\u00a0Educational Aspiration.\u00a0<em>Urban Review<\/em>,\u00a0<em>50<\/em>(1). Retrieved from<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11256-018-0454-0.pdf<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pour-Khorsid, Farima. 2016. H.E.L.L.A.: Collective &#8220;testimonio&#8221; that speak to the healing,<\/p>\n<p>empowerment, love, \u00a0liberation, and action embodied by social justice educators of color. <em>Association of Mexican American Educators Journal <\/em>10, no. 2: 16-32, <a href=\"https:\/\/login.ezproxy.bowdoin.edu\/login?url=https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/1871577370?accountid=9681\">https:\/\/login.ezproxy.bowdoin.edu\/login?url=https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/1871577370?accountid=9681<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While many scholars have identified the need for educators to descriptively represent the communities they teach in, few pose solutions to the hurdles teachers of color (TOCs) must jump to be successful. \u00a0The works of Farima Pour-Khorsid and Carol Gist explore the significance of \u201ctestimonios\u201d (Pour-Khorsid, 2016, p. 1), or the sharing of personal experiences [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":653,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-203","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2018-mfriedl2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2018-mfriedl2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2018-mfriedl2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2018-mfriedl2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/653"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2018-mfriedl2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=203"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2018-mfriedl2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/education-2272-spring-2018-mfriedl2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}