{"id":1203,"date":"2024-05-17T16:26:11","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T20:26:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/?p=1203"},"modified":"2024-10-15T16:55:59","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T20:55:59","slug":"chilean-electric","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/country\/chile\/chilean-electric\/","title":{"rendered":"Chilean Electric"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Chilean Electric\u202f<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(Alquimia, 2015) de Nona Fern\u00e1ndez se centra en una sola escena: la \u201cceremonia de la luz\u201d en la Plaza de las Armas en Santiago, Chile que pas\u00f3 en 1883. En un instante, esta plaza fue iluminada por la luz el\u00e9ctrica por una empresa alemana\u2014el primer lugar en el pa\u00eds en ser electrificado. Fern\u00e1ndez y su narradora usan esta imagen de la luz y la electricidad para contarnos una historia tanto nacional como personal. Con este discurso de la luz, esta narradora tambi\u00e9n habla de la oscuridad\u2014especialmente, las partes oscuras de la historia chilena.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">En solo unas ciento siete p\u00e1ginas, este libro hace un buen trabajo en tejer fragmentos de diferentes registros\u2014recuerdos personales; narraciones de eventos televisados, como el reentierro de Salvador Allende; fotograf\u00edas y \u201ccortocircuitos\u201d que interrumpen el flujo de la novela. Pero este pastiche al nivel formal nos ayuda a acceder a una sincron\u00eda de tema al nivel del contenido.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Con el fondo del supuesto progreso en Chile\u2014representado por los elementos el\u00e9ctricos, pol\u00edticos y fotogr\u00e1ficos en la novela, Fern\u00e1ndez tiene una entrada para cuestionar la verdad de este progreso. En un registro metaf\u00f3rico, usa los varios significados de la idea de luz tanto para afirmar los beneficios de la tecnolog\u00eda en la sociedad chilena como para criticar c\u00f3mo las sombras\u2014en un sentido literal e hist\u00f3rico\u2014han sido \u201ctragadas por la luz.\u201d (Fern\u00e1ndez, 67) Es decir, los ideales de este progreso han podido ocultar muchos de los cr\u00edmenes de la dictadura\u2014como los miles de desaparecidos en Chile\u2014y otros momentos de injusticia.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Para a\u00f1adir a la tensi\u00f3n de credibilidad y mentira en la historia y memoria, la narradora invoca dos recuerdos personales, ambos centrados en la misma Plaza de las Armas. La narradora se da cuenta de que existe un gran conflicto entre su memoria y lo que se puede ver en una foto de ella misma como ni\u00f1a. Esta tensi\u00f3n y confusi\u00f3n tiene resonancia con un recuerdo\u2014evidentemente falso\u2014de su abuela de ver la iluminaci\u00f3n de la Plaza de las Armas en 1883. Cuando la narradora descubre que esta fecha fue m\u00e1s de veinte a\u00f1os antes del nacimiento de su abuela, ella tiene que repensar muchos de los relatos de su abuela, su relaci\u00f3n entera con su abuela y la veracidad de la memoria en general. Con esta discusi\u00f3n, entre otras cosas, aprendemos que esta abuela \u201cno tiene ombligo.\u201d Es decir, no tiene ra\u00edces muy claras, parcialmente debida a una historia traum\u00e1tica personal y nacional.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">En\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Chilean Electric,\u202f<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">nunca est\u00e1 claro qui\u00e9n es la narradora\u2014muchos de los recuerdos son de la abuela verdadera de Nona Fern\u00e1ndez, algunos fragmentos del libro est\u00e1n escritos desde una perspectiva personal de Fern\u00e1ndez (la perspectiva \u201cyo\u201d) y otros est\u00e1n ubicados en una zona entre la realidad y la ficci\u00f3n. Puede ser dif\u00edcil categorizar esta obra como novela o libro de no ficci\u00f3n\u2014pero creo que la tem\u00e1tica del libro merece estar en la primera zona. Con un comentario sobre la veracidad tanto de la historia en un sentido oficial o nacional como de la memoria personal, esta mezcla de materiales ficcionales y reales representa una reflexi\u00f3n de las propias preguntas introducidas por la obra.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a1ADVERTENCIA DE SPOILER!<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fernandez hace una obra detallada, sutil y bien pensada con su construcci\u00f3n de la memoria hist\u00f3rica, pero lo que me gust\u00f3 m\u00e1s al leer este libro fue el final. Muchos libros, especialmente de la literatura chilena despu\u00e9s de la dictadura\u2014piensen en\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">La resta<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">, por Alia Trabucco Zer\u00e1n o\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Space Invaders<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202fpor la propia Nona Fern\u00e1ndez\u2014han abordado el tema de esta memoria hist\u00f3rica, pero no muchos han logrado un final satisfactorio. En otras palabras, una manera de lidiar con una historia traum\u00e1tica que es leal a la complejidad del contenido pero que nos ofrece una manera de avanzar y sanar. En la parte final de\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Chilean Electric<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">, Fern\u00e1ndez (o su narradora, o ambos) empieza a escribir con la m\u00e1quina de escribir de su abuela. Este acto de traer un objeto productivo del pasado al presente y usarlo como un instrumento de crear arte, reescribir la historia y reflexionar solo puede ser pensado, para m\u00ed, como un acto efectivo de sanaci\u00f3n\u2014sin ignorar la verdad dolorosa del pasado. Como escribe Fern\u00e1ndez, \u201cIluminar con la letra la temible oscuridad.\u201d (Fern\u00e1ndez, 91)\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ingl\u00e9s:\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201cChilean Electric\u201d (Alquimia, 2015) by Nona Fern\u00e1ndez focuses on a singular scene: the \u201clight ceremony\u201d in Plaza de Armas in Santiago, Chile that occurred in 1883. In an instant, this plaza was illuminated by electric light from a German company\u2014the first place in the country to be electrified. Fern\u00e1ndez and her narrator use this image of light and electricity to narrate a story that is both national and personal. Through this discourse of light, the narrator also speaks of darkness\u2014especially the darker aspects of Chilean history.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In just over a hundred pages, this book does a commendable job of weaving together fragments from different sources\u2014personal memories; narratives of televised events, such as Salvador Allende\u2019s reburial; photographs; and \u201cshort circuits\u201d that disrupt the flow of the novel. However, this formal pastiche helps us access a synchrony of themes at the content level.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Against the backdrop of supposed progress in Chile\u2014represented by electric, political, and photographic elements in the novel\u2014Fern\u00e1ndez has a platform to question the truth of this progress. In a metaphorical register, she uses the various meanings of the idea of light to both affirm the benefits of technology in Chilean society and critique how shadows\u2014both literal and historical\u2014have been \u201cswallowed by the light.\u201d (Fern\u00e1ndez, 67) That is to say, the ideals of this progress have been able to obscure many of the crimes of the dictatorship\u2014like the thousands disappeared in Chile\u2014and other moments of injustice.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">To add to the tension of credibility and falsehood in history and memory, the narrator invokes two personal memories, both centered on the same Plaza de Armas. The narrator realizes there is a significant conflict between her memory and what can be seen in a photograph of herself as a child. This tension and confusion resonate with an evidently false memory from her grandmother of witnessing the illumination of Plaza de Armas in 1883. When the narrator discovers this date was over twenty years before her grandmother\u2019s birth, she must reconsider many of her grandmother\u2019s stories, her entire relationship with her grandmother, and the veracity of memory in general. Through this discussion, among other things, we learn that this grandmother has no belly button. That is, she lacks clear roots, partially due to a traumatic personal and national history.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In \u201cChilean Electric,\u201d it is never clear who the narrator is\u2014many of the memories belong to Nona Fern\u00e1ndez\u2019s actual grandmother, some fragments of the book are written from Fern\u00e1ndez\u2019s personal perspective (the \u201cI\u201d perspective), and others exist in a zone between reality and fiction. It may be challenging to categorize this work as a novel or non-fiction book\u2014but I believe the thematic content of the book merits this ambiguity. With commentary on the veracity of official or national history and personal memory, this blend of fictional and real materials reflects the questions introduced by the work.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">SPOILER WARNING!!!\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fern\u00e1ndez crafts a detailed, subtle, and thought-provoking work with her construction of historical memory, but what I appreciated most while reading this book was the ending. Many books, especially in Chilean literature after the dictatorship\u2014think of \u201cLa resta\u201d by Alia Trabucco Zer\u00e1n or \u201cSpace Invaders\u201d by Nona Fern\u00e1ndez herself\u2014have addressed the theme of historical memory, but not many have achieved a satisfying conclusion. In other words, a way to deal with a traumatic history that is faithful to the complexity of the content but that offers us a way to move forward and heal. In the final part of \u201cChilean Electric,\u201d Fern\u00e1ndez (or her narrator, or both) begins to write with her grandmother\u2019s typewriter. This act of bringing a productive object from the past into the present and using it as a tool to create art, rewrite history, and reflect can only be thought of, for me, as an effective act of healing\u2014without ignoring the painful truth of the past. As Fern\u00e1ndez writes, \u201cIlluminate the fearsome darkness with words.\u201d (Fern\u00e1ndez, 91)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:264,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Works Cited:\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ojo en Tinta, \u201c\u00abChilean Electric\u00bb, de Nona Fern\u00e1ndez: narrar es iluminar,\u201d website,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ojo en Tinta<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">, (December 28, 2016),\u202f<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ojoentinta.com\/chilean-electric-de-nona-fernandez-narrar-es-iluminar\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/www.ojoentinta.com\/chilean-electric-de-nona-fernandez-narrar-es-iluminar\/<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">.,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Nona Fern\u00e1ndez,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Chilean electric<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202f([Chile]\u202f: Alquimia Ediciones, 2015),<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:486}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chilean Electric\u202f(Alquimia, 2015) de Nona Fern\u00e1ndez se centra en una sola escena: la \u201cceremonia de la luz\u201d en la Plaza de las Armas en Santiago, Chile que pas\u00f3 en 1883. En un instante, esta plaza fue iluminada por la luz&#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/country\/chile\/chilean-electric\/\">Continue Reading &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1622,"featured_media":1239,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,46,28,69,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chile","category-chilean-electric","category-nona-fernandez","category-resenas","category-obras"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1622"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1203"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1203\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.bowdoin.edu\/hispanic-studies-3257-spring-2024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}