The Zisa castle is a beautiful example of Arab-Norman architecture in Palermo. Construction began in the 12th century by William I and was completed under his son William II. Arab craftsmen worked on the castle and the influence of Moorish architecture is evident, from the Arabic inscriptions and Islamic arches throughout the structure to the name itself – La Zisa is derived from the Arabic word al-Aziz, meaning “splendid.” Norman kings used the castle as a summer residence as, at the time, it lay just outside of the city limits of Palermo. Pictured here Professor Boyd describes the outdoor fountain, which flows down into the gardens of the castle.