Acknowledgements and Works Cited | Regional Environmental Challenges

Below, you can find the group members that contributed to each web page. Further, citations for each page are below as well. If the source is linked on the page, we did not re-cite it here.

Challenges in the Arctic (Nana, Seamus, Nora, Maya):

Arctic Council. 2020. “Mercury and toxic cocktails affect the Arctic ecosystems, wildlife and human health — how to take action?” Last updated October 23, 2020. Accessed April 27, 2021. https://arctic-council.org/en/news/mercury-and-toxic-cocktails-effects-on-arctic/.

Cole A. S., A. Steffen, K. A. Pfaffhuber, T. Berg, M. Pilote, L. Poissant, R. Tordon, and H. Hung. 2013. “Ten-year trends of atmospheric mercury in the high Arctic compared to Canadian sub-Arctic and mid-latitude sites.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13: 1535-1545. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1535-2013.

Peeken, I, Bergman, M, Gerdts, G, Katlein, C, Krumpen, T, Primpke, S, and Tekman, M. 2018. “Microplastics in the Marine Realms of the Arctic with Special Emphasis on Sea Ice.” Arctic Program. Arctic Program, December 6, 2018. https://arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card/Report-Card-2018/ArtMID/7878/ArticleID/787/Microplastics-in-the-Marine-Realms-of-the-Arctic-with-Special-Emphasis-on-Sea-Ice.

Wikipedia. “Air current.” Accessed Monday, May 17, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_current.

How to Get Involved in Arctic Policy (Nana, Seamus, Nora, Maya):

No additional citations to those on the page.

How to Learn More (Nana, Seamus, Nora, Maya):

No additional citations to those on the page.

Microplastics in the Arctic (Nana):
– Barrows, A. P. W., Cathey, S. E., and Petersen, C. W. 2018: Marine environment microfiber contamination: Global patterns and the diversity of microparticle origins. Environ. Pollut., 275-284.
– Geilfus, N.-X., Munson, K.M., Sousa, J, Germanov, Y, Bhugaloo, S, Babb, D, and Wang, G. 2019. “Distribution and Impacts of Microplastic Incorporation within Sea Ice.” Marine Pollution Bulletin. Pergamon, June 24, 2019.
– Ming, Jing. 2021. “Microplastics’ Hidden Contribution to Snow Melting.” Eos, March 8, 2021. https://eos.org/opinions/microplastics-hidden-contribution-to-snow-melting.
– NASA. 2021. “Unwelcome Enrichment in the Arctic.” April 25, 2021. https://earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/sensing-our-planet/unwelcome-enrichment-in-the-arctic.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X19304758?via%3Dihub.
– Peeken, I, Bergman, M, Gerdts, G, Katlein, C, Krumpen, T, Primpke, S, and Tekman, M. 2018. “Microplastics in the Marine Realms of the Arctic with Special Emphasis on Sea Ice.” Arctic Program. Arctic Program, December 6, 2018.https://arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card/Report-Card-2018/ArtMID/7878/ArticleID/787/Microplastics-in-the-Marine-Realms-of-the-Arctic-with-Special-Emphasis-on-Sea-Ice.
–Sá, Luís Carlos de, Miguel Oliveira, Francisca Ribeiro, Thiago Lopes Rocha, and Martyn Norman Futter. 2018. “Studies of the Effects of Microplastics on Aquatic Organisms: What Do We Know and Where Should We Focus Our Efforts in the Future?” Science of The Total Environment. Elsevier, July 20, 2018. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718326998
– The Guardian. 2019. “Microplastics ‘Significantly Contaminating the Air’, Scientists Warn.” Guardian News and Media, August 14, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/14/microplastics-found-at-profuse-levels-in-snow-from-arctic-to-alps-contamination.

Mercury in the Canadian Arctic: Sources and Solutions (Seamus):

ACAP. 2006. Assessment of Existing and Planned Initiatives Addressing Mercury Sources in the Arctic States and Identification of Possible Measures for Follow-up. Copenhagen: Arctic Council Action Plan to Eliminate Pollution of the Arctic (ACAP) & Danish Environmental Protection Agency.

AMAP. 2021. “Why is Mercury a concern in the Arctic?” Mercury: The Background. Accessed April 27, 2021. https://mercury.amap.no/the-background.

Binnington, Matthew J., Meredith S. Curren, Hing Man Chan, and Frank Wania. 2016. “Balancing the benefits and costs of traditional food substitution by indigenous Arctic women of childbearing age: Impacts on persistent organic pollutant, mercury, and nutrient intakes.” Environmental International 94: 554-566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.016.

Evers, David C., Susan Egan Keane, Niladri Basu, and David Buck. 2016. “Evaluating the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention on Mercury: Principles and recommendations for next steps.” Science of the Total Environment 569-570: 888-903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.001.

Gundersen, Cathrine B., Hans F. V. Braaten, Eirik H. Steindal, Jannicke Moe, Evgeniy V. Yakushev, Guttorm Christensen, Jane Kirk, Holger Hintelmann, Natalia Frolova, Petr Terentjev, and Sarah Roberts. 2020. Mercury Risk Evaluation, Risk Management and Risk Reduction Measures in the Arctic (ARCRISK) – Inception Report. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Institute for Water Research. Accessed April 27, 20121. https://niva.brage.unit.no/niva-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2685783/7489-2020.pdf?sequence=2.

Gworek, Barbara, Wojciech Dmuchowski, Aneta H. Baczewska, Paulina Brągoszewska, Olga Bemowska-Kałabun, and Justyna Wrzosek-Jakubowska. 2017. “Air Contamination by Mercury, Emissions and Transformations—a Review.” Water Air Soil Pollut 228, no. 123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3311-y.

Hsu-Kim, Heileen, Chris S. Eckley, Dario Achá, Xinbin Feng, Cynthia C. Gilmour, Sofi Jonsson, and Carl P. J. Mitchell. 2018. “Challenges and opportunities for managing aquatic mercury pollution in altered landscapes.” Ambio 47:141–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-1006-7.

Hylander, Lars D. and Michael E. Goodsite. 2006. “Environmental costs of mercury pollution.” Science of the Total Environment 368: 352–370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.029.

Kirk, Jane L., Igor Lehnherr, Maria Andersson, Birgit M. Braune, Laurie Chan, Ashu P. Dastoor, Dorothy Durnford, Amber L. Gleason, Lisa L. Loseto, Alexandra Steffen, and Vincent L. St. Louis. 2012. “Mercury in Arctic marine ecosystems: Sources, pathways and exposure.” Environmental Research 119: 64-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.08.012.

Pirkle, Catherine M., Gina Muckle, and Melanie Lemire. 2016. “Managing mercury exposure in northern Canadian communities.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 118, no. 14, October 4: 1015-1023. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.151138.

Rallo, Manuela, M. Antonia Lopez-Anton, M. Luisa Contreras, and M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer. 2012. “Mercury policy and regulations for coal-fired power plants.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 19, no. 4: 1084-1096. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0658-2.

Selin, Henrik, Susan E. Keane, Shuxiao Wang, Noelle E. Selin, Kenneth Davis, and Dominique Bally. 2018. “Linking science and policy to support the implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.” Ambio 47: 198-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-1003-x.

Štrok, Marko, Pascale Anabelle Baya, Dörthe Dietrich, Brian Dimock, and Holger Hintelmann. 2019. “Mercury speciation and mercury stable isotope composition in sediments from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.” Science of the Total Environment 671: 655-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.424.

UN Environment. 2019. Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Gylling, Denmark: UN Environment Programme, Chemicals and Health Branch Geneva, Switzerland.

UN Environmental Program. 2019. Minamata Convention on Mercury: Texts and Annexes. United Nations Environmental Programme. Accessed April 27, 2021. http://www.mercuryconvention.org/Convention/Text/tabid/3426/language/en-US/Default.aspx.

Varty, Stephanie, Igor Lehnherr, Kyra St. Pierre, Jane L. Kirk, and Victoria Wisniewski. 2021. “Methylmercury Transport and Fate Shows Strong Seasonal and Spatial Variability along a High Arctic Freshwater Hydrologic Continuum.” Environmental Science and Technology 55: 331-340. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05051.

POPs in the Canadian Arctic (Nora):

Canada, Environment Canada, Environmental Protection Service. “Toxic Substances Management Policy. En40-499/1-1995E-PDF. Ottawa, Canada. 1995. http://www.publications.gc.ca/site/eng/305088/publication.html

Dewailly, E. and Furgal. C. Northern Lights Against POPs: Toxic Threats in the Arctic. “POPs, the Environment and Public Health.” Chapter 1. McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003.

Environment Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.“Land-Based Pollution in the Arctic Ocean: Canadian Actions in a Regional and GlobalContext.” Arctic, 2008, Vol.61, Supplement 1: Arctic Change and Coastal Communities, 111-121.

European Environment Agency. “Indicator Assessment: Persistent Organic PollutantEmissions.” February 2021.https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/eea32-persistent-organic-pollutant-pop-emissions-1/assessment-10

Kuhnlein, H.V., Chan, L.H.M., Egeland, G., Receveur, O. Northern Lights Against POPs: Toxic Threats in the Arctic. “Canadian Arctic Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Food Systems, and POPs.” Chapter 2. McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003.

Laird, B., Goncharov, A., Chan, H.M. “Body burden of metals and persistent organic pollutants among Inuit in the Canadian Arctic.” Environment International, 2013, 59, 33-40. Muckle, G., Ayotte, P., Dewailly, E., Jacobson, S., Jacobson, J. “Determinants of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Methylmercury Exposure in Inuit Women of Childbearing Age.” Environmental Health Perspectives, 2001, 109:9, 957-963.

Munawar, A., Akram, M.S., Javed, M.T., Shahid, M. Handbook of Bioremediation. “Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Characteristics, toxicity, phytoremediation, and use of transgenic plants for PCBs degradation.” Chapter 43. Elsevier, 2021.

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS). Stockholm, Sweden. May 200. http://chm.pops.int/Home/tabid/2121/Default.aspx

Suk, W., Avakian, M., Carpenter, D., Groopman, J., Scammell, M., Wild, C. “Human exposure monitoring and evaluation in the Arctic: The Importance of Understanding Exposures to the Development of Public Health Policy.” Environmental Health Perspectives, 2004, 112:2, 113-120.

Tyrrell, Martina. “Making Sense of Contaminants: A Case Study of Arviat, Nunavut.” Arctic, 2006, 59:4, 370-380

Black Carbon in the Arctic (Maya):

“Cleaning Up Latin America’s Air: Reducing Black Carbon Emissions Can Benefit the Climate and Public Quickly.” NRDC Issue Brief, (2014). https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/latin-america-diesel-pollution-IB.pdf.

“Enhanced Black Carbon and Methane Emissions Reductions: An Arctic Council Framework for Action.” Sao Report to Ministers (2015).

Forbes, M.s., R.j. Raison, and J.o. Skjemstad. “Formation, Transformation and Transport of Black Carbon (charcoal) in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems.” Science of The Total Environment 370, no. 1 (2006): 190-206. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.007.

Grieshop, Andrew P., Conor C. O. Reynolds, Milind Kandlikar, and Hadi Dowlatabadi. “A Black-carbon Mitigation Wedge.” Nature Geoscience 2, no. 8 (2009): 533-34. doi:10.1038/ngeo595.

“How Black Carbon Can Increase the Risk for Respiratory Diseases.” Arctic Council (2020). https://arctic-council.org/en/news/how-black-carbon-can-increase-the-risk-for-respiratory-diseases/.

“Introduction to IMO.” International Maritime Organization (2021). https://www.imo.org/en/About/Pages/Default.aspx.

Montgomery, David, Baron, Robert, Tuladhar, Sugandha. “Fix The Climate: Cutting Black Carbon Emissions Assessment.” Fix The Climate: Cutting Black Carbon Emissions Assessment, Copenhagen Consensus Center. https://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/publication/fix-climate-cutting-black-carbon-emissions-assessment-montgomery-tuladhar.

Shrestha, Gyami, Samuel Traina, and Christopher Swanston. “Black Carbon’s Properties and Role in the Environment: A Comprehensive Review.” Sustainability 2, no. 1 (2010): 294-320. doi:10.3390/su2010294.

Stern, Camilla, Lund, Marianne, Samset, Bjorn, Myhre, Gunnar, Forster, Piers, Andrews, Timothy, Boucher, Olivier, Faluvegi, Gregory, Flaschner Dagmar. “Arctic Amplification Response to Individual Climate Drivers.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124(2019): 6698-717. doi:10.1029/2018JD029726.

Torseth, Kjetil, Fiebig, Markus, Yttri, Karl, Stebel, Kerstin, Kylling, Arve, Zanatta, Marco, Herber, Andreas, Huang, Lin, Harma, Angeeta, Whaley, Cynthia, Mazzola, Mauro, Vitale, Vito, Lupi, ANgelo, Andrews, Elissabeth, Vasel, Brian, Kleno, Jacob, Masling, Andreas, Skov, Henrik, Eleftheriadis, Kostas, Asmi, Eija, Popovicheva, Olga, Schmale, Julia, Schichtel, Bret. “Review of Observation Capacities and Data Availability for Black Carbon in the Arctic Region.” Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, (2019). https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/review-of-observation-capacities-and-data-availability-for-black-carbon-in-the-arctic-region/3058.

“What Is Black Carbon?” Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. February 04, 2020. https://www.c2es.org/document/what-is-black-carbon/.

Young, Oran. “Arctic Politics in an Era of Global Change.” Brown Journal of World Affairs 19 (2012).

Zhang, Qiang, Zheng Wan, Bill Hemmings, and Faig Abbasov. “Reducing Black Carbon Emissions from Arctic Shipping: Solutions and Policy Implications.” Journal of Cleaner Production 241 (2019): 118261. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118261.