David Bowie and the Spiders from Mars

“This is ground control from Major Tom…”

A classic line from David Bowie’s famous “Space Oddity”. The zany synthesizers and electric guitar tracks create a “space-like” feel, and we are transported into the “tin can” Major Tom is floating in out in Earth’s orbit. Further SF feel comes from the “protein pills” to be taken right before blast-off.

Before taking this class I thought that SF was limited to text and film, but boy was I wrong. Bowie himself adopts SF as a way of expressing himself through his music. Yet, with my bug-post heavy blog I wanted to point out how his background band was called The Spiders from Mars. Furthermore, he has an entire tour called the Glass Spider Tour, in which a massive 60-foot tall spider sculpture was brought to every set he performed (take a look at the picture). Again we see how invertebrates have creeped into works of SF, almost blurring the lines between alien and arthropod (Who knows, maybe the bugs are aliens, as proposed in the Fermi Paradox).

URLs:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Oddity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spiders_from_Mars

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_Spider_Tour

https://withberlinlove.com/2016/01/17/david-bowie-berlin-concert-1987-glass-spider-tour/ (Image)

Investigating Proto-SF through Wells’ War of the Worlds

I had an absolute blast reading Wells’ The War of the Worlds, one of the earliest works of science fiction. The first time I read it was back in middle school (prime SF years), and had no idea it was written in 1898. From the imagery and language nothing indicated to me that it written far before our modern times. Martian cylinders plummeting to earth and huge alien tripod machines terrorizing towns sounded like came straight out of a recent SF movie. In fact, this book has been adapted in a recent 2005 film!

Therefore, I was shocked when we spoke about what qualifies as SF and The War of the Worlds was classified as proto-SF. Of course, one of our main questions of the class is to ask, “What is Science Fiction?”. My initial reaction definitely came from my 14-year old perspective of SF: aliens, robots, and world terror. Though I have gone through class as a 22-year old, I have to admit I still see this book at SF since had the same story had been written 100 years later the themes would qualify it as normal SF. Of course, I am being very nit-picky here but I think a question to think about is whether we should treat early works of a genre as equals or not.

(https://www.amazon.com/War-Worlds-H-G-Wells/dp/1590171586)

Morality of Insect Drones (Response)

In response to Diego Villamarin’s comment:

… I’m also a Bio person but for all the talks that I’ve had about using animals as model organisms, I never believed we would be able to reach this level of manipulation and control over them!
I guess I’m left wondering what your thoughts are regarding the morality of this kind of tech? I know you are very knowledgable about bugs and this side of Biology. Do you think there are benefits to using these bionic organisms over small drones or fully robotic technology? I can only seem to think that it helps with camouflage and perhaps cost effectiveness, assuming the device on the bug’s back is somewhat cheap to manufacture. I’d love to hear more of your thoughts!

Hey Diego!

Thank you so much for your question about the morality of insect drones. The video of the struggling beetles getting wired up and twitching under electrical currents also made me question the ethics of this technology. I hate watching animals unnecessarily suffering, but I find sacrificing an insect rather than having a human scout in dangerous situations far out weigh the moral implications.

You nailed it on the head with camouflage as an advantage. Since insects are much smaller you could also work them into much tighter spaces, such as underneath doors or cracks in walls. I think in the future the cost effectiveness would also come into play, but it is going to take a while to get efficient in wiring up these bugs. These microsurgeries surely can’t help with the health of the insects, so I do think turning to insect-mimic robots would be a better option.

At Harvard they’ve designed a solar-powered drone that utilizes wing construction from bees. Three years ago one of the Harvard biomimetic researchers actually came to Bowdoin to give a talk about how they optimize the durability of these wings. They found that bumblebees had a elastic joint in their wing, reducing the damage caused upon bumping into an object and keeping their flight in path. On the other hand, wasp wings without the joint fared much more poorly in the durability test. I have to admit the research methods were a bit savage since they took live insects, strapped them into rotisseries, and spun them so their wings would smash against a surface. I can’t find the study but here’s a link to Harvard’s microbiotics lab (https://www.micro.seas.harvard.edu/)

URLs:

https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/06/26/134377/robot-bee-solar-powered-flying-drones/ (Info + image)

https://www.micro.seas.harvard.edu/ (Info)

Alien (1979): Turning to Invertebrates for Character Creation

Alien (1979) is perhaps one of the most influential SF films. This film is praised for its cinematic excellence and the overarching allegory to rape. Not only does the film address issues of sexual assault, but it reverses male-on-female rape to female-on-male rape. This is accomplished by creating a fictional parasitic alien “facehugger” that deposits an alien egg into a human’s throat through a phallic ovipositor that comes out of a vagina-like orifice (take a look at the picture). In the early works of HR Giger (the creator of the alien organisms), you can further see that the facehugger’s legs much resemble that of a human hand.

Quite the freaky creature! You might think “how the heck did they come up with that!?”, but the answer lies in real animals. Take a look at a horseshoe crab. See the resemblance? By turning to organisms that are already “freakish” by human standards SF filmmakers and writers tap into our fears and emotions.

Not only physical aspects of facehuggers are based off real creatures; their life cycle is similar to that of parasitic wasps. Many species of wasps will paralyze caterpillars, bring them back to a nest, and lay eggs in the caterpillar for the young to eat inside out. As we see with the alien embryo bursting out of the human’s chest, the wasp larvae tear out of their host’s body and repeat the cycle. Bugs may seem pretty harmless with their tiny size, but clearly they are wild enough to inspire SF films that turn into cinematic masterpieces!

URLs:

https://avp.fandom.com/wiki/Facehugger (Information on facehuggers and picture 1)

https://www.silive.com/news/2017/10/horseshoe_crab_shells_wash_ash.html (Horseshoe crab image)

https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2770-parasitoid-wasp-life-cycle (Parasitic wasp life cycle image)

Creative Piece

Kenneth Lamm 

Professor Arielle Saiber 

World Science Fiction 

3 April 2020 

 

The Red Orchestra 

 

 General Ilyich, the beetles successfully bred. 

The officer peered in the plastic cage. Two red beetles– no larger than sesame seeds– scurried about their young 

“We perfected their mating call, doctor. They are engineered at one decibel.” 

Excellent. Send them out. 

 

A farmer stood under a blazing Arkansas sun, blinded by the glare bouncing from the millions of spinach leaves sprawled about him. He stepped through the rows and turned the leaves over. Green and luscious, he thought to himself. It was going to be another healthy harvest this year. As he walked towards his tractor on the other side of the field, he bent over and flipped over another leaf. Three red beetles, barely visible to his weather-beaten eyes, fell off the leaf and burrowed themselves in the soil. 

 

“I swear Professor Smith! They were red!” 

“Don, there are only two Sonoptera presidentatus morphs: white and blue. I have spent 25 years studying these Spinach beetles and have never come across any other colors. They are native to North America and no other similar species are found around the world. 

“But they stood out so clearly against the green leaves! You scientists; you never trust the true eyes of agriculture. Dammit, I’ll catch a handful and bring them to this lab.” 

The farmer stormed out of the professor’s room and skidded out of the parking lot in his Chevrolet. 

 

Three mornings later, the farmer jolted awake. Did I forget to turn off the radio? He stumbled out of bed and into his kitchen. His speakers were off. I must be dreaming. He tried to fall back asleep but the music rang in his ears louder and louder. After an hour he had had enough. 

Outside only a thin red line of dawn was visible from the horizon, but music blared from the field. 

“Who’s there!?” 

No response came. He picked up the shotgun next to his door and crept towards his plants. He sat crouched for a while but saw nothing. As the morning came, the music slowly lessened in volume and stopped by the time the sun had risen. The farmer stood up and stepped into the field. Everything looked normal. He flipped over a leaf and a dozen red beetles scrambled about. He caught them in his hand and stuffed them in the pocket of his overalls. 

 

Under the microscope everything aside from the color of the beetle- from the furry antennae to the stubby legs- looked identical to the Sonoptera presidentatus specimen Professor Smith had on his lab bench.  

I don’t know how this is possible…how could they be red?” 

These things were making a ruckus last night! Most bizarre of all, their calls sounded like some sort of tune.” 

S. presidentatus are only known to communicate through pheromones. What was the sound you described?” 

“Almost like, you know, a national anthem?” 

Professor Smith exploded in laughter. The farmer once again fumed out of the entomologist’s lab. 

 

The next week, police arrived on Don’s farm after failing to deliver spinach to a client. They found the farmer’s stiff body in his bed. No blunt trauma, no poisoning, died of natural causes, the officers recorded. On the way out of the house, an officer noticed a crunch beneath his feet. He lifted up his shoe and found it a single red splotch. 

 

A year later, a death of another Arkansas farmer was reported. Two years later, even more mysterious deaths of farmers arose. Every investigation led to no indication of malicious activity. Then, Arkansas’ lead entomologist Richard Smith was found dead in his lab, sitting in his chair clutching a microphone over a terrarium housing thousands of red beetles. Next to him was a notebook titled “The Auditory Mating Tactics of a New Morph of Sonoptera presidentatus. The police took the microphone recordings with them for further analysis. 

 

General Ilyich, our mission is well underway. Several targets have already been eliminated after the beetles exploded in populations. Think about it! One beetle may produce a decibel, but a whole field full of them? Ha! The democratic scum will perish while listening to our country’s music!” 

“Excellent. Can you modify these to survive on grass?” 

“Absolutely.” 

“Get to work. The White House lawn will never have sounded so beautiful…”  

  

Jurassic Park: Scientific Communication through SF

Before taking this class, hearing “Jurassic Park” never triggered me to think of a SF film; rather, just another Hollywood classic. The general plot of the story is pretty straight forward: resurrected dinosaurs on a safari-like park on an island escape when a large storm comes through, and all park inhabitants must find a way out.

However, CRISPR- a genetic modification tool- was coming around the time this film was released in 1993 (and book written in 1990) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR#History). Therefore, Jurassic Park is a prime example of SF as a medium for warning the public of what could result from fresh technologies. Yet, there seems to be overly ambitious biotechnology ideas laid throughout the story. The principal investigator talks about how they extracted dinosaur DNA from blood found in mosquitoes trapped in amber, and mixed it with that of frogs to create the dinosaurs. Furthermore, as a back-up plan to kill off the dinosaurs they talk about turning off amino acid synthesis as if it is a programmable function. This brings up the question about how scientifically accurate SF literature and films should be. If people are not generally aware of new technologies, it is okay to cut corners or make things up to explain what’s happening? What are the consequences of doing so? Finally, am I being overly sensitive and the author was trying to create an authentic air to his story?

Despite these critiques, I think Jurassic Park was exceptionally well done in both excitement and audience range. As a biology major I appreciated how much molecular biology was mentioned while tying it into a unfathomable (for now) plot. Perhaps we will end up someday with resurrected dinosaurs; I’d prefer a size cap of no bigger than your average lizard.

Microreading

Microreading: Deception of the Reader in “Take Your Choice” 

Aliens, robots, and biological manipulations– these are all common themes found throughout science fiction stories. Many of these stories take place in future settings, as does the plot of “Take Your Choice” by Sakyo Komatsu (1989). At the beginning we are brought into a future world that is not overly distinct from ours. However, through the subtle build-up of lies told by the scamming time-machine men, not only does the protagonist gain trust for an unrealistic technological advancement of the society but the reader is also dragged into the illusion that choosing your future is possible. Yet, Komatsu’s destruction of the façade of time travel in the end of the story makes the reader realize that the world of “Take Your Choice” is not very different from ours, and the danger of exploiting technology for profit becomes harrowingly real.  

The story starts with a setting only slightly more technologically advanced from present-day Earth, in which “two-dimensional TV sets” are “considered almost antique”, “electron-glass eye[s]” are worn by the blind, and “hidden ion air-cleaning device[s]” filtering basements (Komatsu, p. 86-87)– all not impossible to conceive. The extent of futuristic evolution is further established by the protagonist having “two million five hundred thousand credits” in his wallet indicating inflation and a new currency (Komatsu, p. 89). At this point the reader is under an impression that this is an accurate representation of a world several decades from now. 

The reader quickly loses relatability once the protagonist finds himself in a store that claims to be a portal to a new future through time travel. The two men running the store present themselves as not “people of this present world” and are “escapees or violators of the time traveler control laws in [their] world” (Komatsu, p. 90). Hints of doubt are apparent in the protagonist’s voice, but phrases such as “Time Authorities” and “Time Travel Control Department” create an authentic air (Komatsu, p. 90). To fully win the protagonist’s trust over, the little man in charge of the machine uses “non-Euclidian geometry” and other math theories to make it seem that the technology was too advanced for the protagonist to comprehend (Komatsu, p. 90 and 92). 

By this part of the story, not only the protagonist but the reader is also convinced of the legitimacy of the time machine. We buy into the scheme of the three different futures the protagonist could travel to: one with highly advanced technology and city planning, another with bucolic lifestyle with people of perfect looks, and a third similar to the protagonist’s current world but one met with a nuclear apocalypse (Komatsu, p. 93-96). To the surprise of the little man, the protagonist chooses the last option (Komatsu, p. 98). Once we see the protagonist enter the time machine chamber, Komatsu describes how “the floor of the passage abruptly became soft like jelly” and how “[the protagonist] felt peculiar vibrations all around him” while experiencing “a painful headache and giddiness” (Komatsu, p. 99). Once the protagonist exits, it seems even more realistic after he notices the other two doors had vanished as the little man had promised (Komatsu, p. 100). The protagonist is relieved that he has escaped the “infinite repetition of daily life” (Komatsu, p. 101), and the reader is fully convinced of the transition as well.  

This illusion is quickly destroyed in the final section of the story. The two men running the front brag about how much money they have made from their scam (Komatsu, p. 102). The men had been using normal science fiction movies to depict the three scenes, sending anesthetic gas into the time machine room to disorient anyone inside, and covering the other two doors with carpets upon the protagonist’s exiting (Komatsu, p. 102-103). Initially the two men are comfortable with their set-up, since the customers are ordered to stay quiet about their transitions (Komatsu, p. 102). However, when the little man brings up how most customers choose the apocalyptic option, there is a chilling realization; many of the people choosing the third option were “officials, officers, politicians…” (Komatsu, p. 103). If people- especially those in power- become apathetic thinking that the world will end in several years, regulations and the way of life can spiral down to chaos and use of atomic weapons could become normalized. Even though choosing one’s future was a fake ploy, suddenly the possibility for the dystopic world met with a nuclear apocalypse becomes real. 

To the reader, this regression from an unfathomable future to one that is plausible is startling. So much of science fiction is overly imaginative that we often distance ourselves from the morals as being relevant to us. We realize the plot of this story could have been placed in our present world without much awkwardness, and a message is driven home: as the man of the store states, “people have a strong desire for destruction”, and the exploitation of this human trait can lead to disastrous consequences (Komatsu, p. 103). 

 

Works Cited 

 

Komatsu, Sakyo. “Take Your Choice” (1989). Ed. John L. Apostolou and Martin H. Greenberg.  

The Best Japanese Science Fiction Stories. New York: Dembner Books, 1989. 85-103. 

 

Bomb-buster bug

Another fascinating cyb(ug)org! Though not remote controlled, these bionic grasshoppers can be monitored to sense TNT in the air. The researchers achieved this by hooking up electrodes to olfactory nerves that are activated by explosive or non-explosive chemical cues. Like the RC beetles, this cyborg grasshopper is also being developed for “peaceful” purposes. Hmm, we see a trend here…

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2020/02/17/bomb-sniffing-cyborg-grasshoppers-tested-scientists/

Bionic bugs: dream come true or worst nightmare?

While insects are often considered as uncontrollable pests, scientists in China have developed  devices that enable humans to manipulate movements of large scarab beetles. Non-lethal electrical currents are run through wires into the beetle’s muscles to stimulate walking. Even more freakishly, a back-pack like computer on the carapace allows for remote control flight steering! It was funny (and a bit cruel) to see the researchers using a Wii remote to fly one of these beetles around a large arena. At the same time, I was spooked by seeing something that we could only fathom to exist in SF.

As the title of the video implies the researchers stressed that cyborg beetles would be used to locate people in rubble using thermal detection or for counter-terrorism. Yet, the excessive emphasis on “peaceful” uses made me wonder what non-peaceful applications would look like. For example, the beetles could be used for spying and in biological warfare (such as spreading pathogens). Animal rights and other ethical questions also need to be asked.  As with many new technologies, we need to weigh the potential dangers in introducing inventions to the public. Yet, the novelty and usefulness that this development promises is something that I find fascinating.

Hello world!

Welcome to your Bowdoin Course Sites for the class World Science Fiction.

The first thing to do is go to DASHBOARD –> SETTINGS —> GENERAL and put your name in the SITE TITLE

Then you can change the HEADER IMAGE (using directions in Header Image above)

Then you can change the background color with CUSTOMIZE —> COLORS —>  BACKGROUND COLOR

Then you can play ith the Menus in DASHBOARD –>  APPEARANCE —> MENUS

And the right side cand be adjusted with DASHBOARD –>  APPEARANCE —> WIDGETS

The difference between PAGE and POST
Reverse chronological order vs. static, hierarchical content.

CATEGORIES and TAGS
Categories and tags help you organize your posts and make it easier for readers to find content

This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start posting.

alien-pointing