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Emotional Management in Job Industries

Ella Jones, Christopher Thompson, and Hanna Cha

Humor in the News: An Exploration of Comedy as a Method for Managing Emotions

September 14, 2020 By David Israel

Analysis of Jessica Testa’s “How Not to Be a Character in a ‘Bad Fashion Movie’” 

Logan Jackson for The New York Times

NY Times writer Jessica Testa’s “How Not to Be a Character in a ‘Bad Fashion Movie’” is an interview with Laura Brown, who recently lost her job as editor-in-chief at InStyle Magazine. Though many might expect Brown to grieve her job and express sadness at her loss, she took a different approach. Testa describes Brown as a “court jester”, and Brown is true to this: she reflects on her situation and past with the fashion industry with humor. Testa describes the term “‘bad fashion movie’ — a phrase [Brown] began using several years ago to describe the fashion editor archetype: elitist, egomaniacal and downright ‘Devil Wears Prada’-ish.” Describing the members of the fashion industry as members of a “bad fashion movie” highlights Brown’s issues with the fashion industry in a comedic light. The reference to “Devil Wears Prada” connotes exclusiveness and competitiveness. Brown pokes fun at the “fashion editor archetype” that is “elitist” and “egomaniacal”, saying they belong in a “bad fashion movie”, because Brown has realized that the cut-throat pretentiousness of the fashion industry is more akin to the drama of a film than a conducive working environment. Essentially, instead of lamenting her loss, Brown talks about the fashion industry in a humorous light. According to “Managing Emotions in Public: The Case of Wheelchair Users”, an article that explores how wheelchair manage their emotions to conduct successful social interactions: “laughing at or joking about embarrassing events reduces their seriousness and thereby lessens potentially embarrassing concern about them. Laughter and humor are also means of allaying anxiety (Cahill and Eggleston, 4-5,1994). Here, Brown employs a similar strategy to the wheelchair users. Losing one’s job can be an embarrassing experience, but most do not want to present themselves self-consciously in an interview. Thus, Brown uses humor to manage her emotions to display confidence and personability. This persuades us that Brown is better off without her job.  

Testa describes Brown as the “furthest a mainstream fashion editor could get from Miranda Priestly’s ilk” who wears “sunglasses” and “beachy waves”. In appearance, Brown differs from her peers, but this separation also originates from differences in personality and values. Brown describes herself as a “nice lady who eats spaghetti”, not one of the “pointy people”. Similar to a “bad fashion movie”, “pointy people” refers to “a certain kind of fashion person: exclusionary, intimidating, obsessed with punching a ‘sandwich card of chic’”. A “sandwich card of chic” is a humorous turn of phrase that indicates Brown is aware that her peers chase after style only to prove they are “chic”, rather than having original style. There is a separation between Brown and her peers. She could have addressed it with anger or insecurity, and that would have affected our perception of her. Brown, however, expresses it with humor which builds an intelligent, confident perception of Brown. Brown manages her emotions to produce a desired display. 

Brown’s critical, lacerating analysis of her peers causes us to think she’s better off without her job. Brown reflects on her situation in a comedic yet serious way that perfectly sums up her mindset:  “So maybe I’ll get fewer handbags sent to me. [But] if you’ve earned your stripes and done the work, you take it with you. You don’t just fly off into space.”


Analysis of David Brooks’s “Confessions of a Middle-Aged Fanboy”

Illustration by Sam Whitney/The New York Times

NY Times writer David Brooks’s “Confessions of a Middle-Aged Fanboy” is a funny analysis into the perspective of an underrepresented population: middle-aged men obsessed with current music. Brooks refers to this as a “condition”: “maturity interruptus”. Essentially, Brooks owns that his musical taste does not fit his age. He uses the term “condition” to acknowledge that many may see this as an issue, that may be inappropriate or weird for an older man to so deeply align with music for teenagers. His awareness of the absurdity of his situation results in many humorous lines to further describe his “condition”. For example, in the 1990s, while Brooks’ hands “were writing and editing conservative editorials for The Wall Street Journal; [his] ears were straight outta Compton.” Here, Brooks compares how straight-edged his work is to how diverse his musical tastes are. The reader laughs at the image of a Wall Street Journal writer listening to rap. According to “Managing Emotions in Public: The Case of Wheelchair Users”, reflecting on “embarrassing events” with humor “reduces their seriousness and thereby lessens potentially embarrassing concern about them”. Humor is effective in supporting social interactions as it is a means of “allaying anxiety” (Cahill and Eggleston, 4-5,1994). While sharing his musical taste may be considered embarrassing because people may be shocked by it, Brooks uses humor to make light of an embarrassing situation. By acknowledging the weirdness of it, the reader is encouraged to laugh with Brooks rather than at him. Brooks manages his expression of emotions by using humor. The reader might have perceived him as eccentric, but, because of his use of humor, Brooks is perceived as sharp and wise.

Brooks describes the 2000s as “ridiculous. [He] was a suburban guy with a minivan. Why was [he] grooving along as Katy Perry sang “I kissed a girl and I liked it”? Why [is he] continually listening to high school breakup songs when [he is] at an age when[he] can barely remember high school?” Again, Brooks paints an image that is very comedic for the reader. Brooks once again employs humor to manage his emotional display. He appears self-aware rather than self-conscious. Brooks then explores the answers to these questions, to why he is so attached to modern music: “Perhaps it’s because Billy Idol offered subtle observations on the human condition….Perhaps it’s because Destiny’s Child offers an inspiring vision of the beloved community… Perhaps, it’s because Taylor Swift … well … she just gets me: ‘I’m a nightmare dressed like a daydream.’” Here, Brooks shows the wide applicability of lyrics and does it in a comedic way. He communicates the power music has to make its listeners feel seen and recognized. In explaining his obsession with current music, Brooks acknowledges both the humor in his musical taste relative to his age and the universal relatability of the music. Instead of viewing himself with aversion, Brooks looks to his musical taste with humor— he pokes fun at the absurdity of it and espouses why more people might want to be like him. He uses humor to turn self-conscious emotions into ones that are proud. Brooks even turns absurdity on its head, saying that maybe it’s more absurd not to listen to current music: “I used to wonder why I listen to music that describes experiences completely irrelevant to my actual life. Unlike 50 Cent, you rarely find me in the club, bottle full of bub. But maybe that’s a feature, not a bug. Escapism seems like a mindless waste of time until you open the newspaper and consider the alternative.”


Analysis of Joyce Walder’s “Farewell, My Lovely Inheritance”

Juliette Borda

NY Times writer Joyce Walder’s “Farewell, My Lovely Inheritance” is a self-lacerating read that explores the human struggle of grappling with the oncoming death of a loved one. Walder discusses her feelings towards her mother’s death: pain because of her mother’s worsening self-loathing because she fixates on the inheritance she will receive, self-loathing as she laments the loss of funds due to her mother’s extensive care. Walder describes her plan to “erect a monument that will equal the Taj Mahal in terms of loss and despair” in order to secure her inheritance: “The size of a birdhouse, I’m thinking. Not just any birdhouse, a birdhouse for old, infirm birdies, with a special area for art therapy and birdie bingo.” She discusses that she does not have enough funds for a larger monument than a birdhouse. Walder is funny in multiple avenues. We laugh because she acknowledges her struggle to demonstrate her grief for her mother in the most extravagant way but she lacks the capacity to do so in more forms than providing “a special area” in the bird house. We laugh because she is aware that she does not do this out of sole love for her mother but also greed: “Goddamn it, I wanted that money.” Greed can result in an emotional display that is unlikable and alienating, but Walder uses humor to present her darker emotions in a way that is self-aware and relatable. Thus, using humor, Walder turns potential alienation into an avenue to connect with others. In “Managing Emotions in Public: The Case of Wheelchair Users”, humor “reduces their seriousness and thereby lessens …concern about them”. Walder thus “reduces” the “seriousness” of her grief and greed, and the reader is lulled into thinking them lighter topics (Cahill and Eggleston, 4-5,1994). Instead of perceiving Walder as evil or unlikeable, the reader perceives Walder to be self-aware and personable because of the outward display of confidence her humor produces.. Walder owns the darkness in her personal desires: “I know. I know. It’s appalling to be thinking about an inheritance….I have an urgent P.M. from my Better Self: As ever, you disgust me. This is our mother’s one precious life.”. Her acknowledgment of the reader’s potential perspective of her desires is comedic and displays the complexity of human experience: the competing desires of love and greed and ending prolonged pain. Walder reflects on her experience humorously as another avenue to process her feelings: instead of feeling self-revulsion, she can feel grounded in reflecting on the many sides of herself. Walder’s humor is effective in managing Walder’s emotions and outward display such that the reader likes her, despite the ambiguity of her morals. Walder sums up the complexity of her situation: “Then I go home and write the checks and think what a good daughter is never supposed to think: Farewell, my lovely inheritance.”



Photo-Essay: Emotional Management and Representation in Society

September 14, 2020 By David Israel

The pictures above represent a short scene from the film Mean Girls, where one of the characters, Gretchen Weiners, vents to the main character, Cady Heron, about the extent of  emotional work that she performs for their rude friend Regina George. In this specific scene Gretchen describes that Regina told her she was not allowed to wear hoop earrings; so when Gretchen got a pair of “really expensive white-gold hoops,” she had to pretend to not like them to appease Regina’s instructions. This is a perfect example of emotion management and the feeling rules associated with the idea of gift exchange. For the emotion management aspect, Gretchen manages her emotions and pretends to dislike her earrings in order to not upset Regina; she is managing both her own and Regina’s emotions. She is changing her bodily actions and expressions by not wearing something she wants to wear to prevent Regina from being angry. By doing this, she is adhering to the feeling rules that are established by Regina as in Regina’s eyes Gretchen’s dislike for her earrings is expected. However, for her parents, she is going outside the feeling rules of the gift exchange as she is not showing gratitude and appreciation of their gift, something we expect in return after giving a gift like earings. This example of managing emotions when someone receives a gift is counterintuitive as typically one pretends to like a gift when they actually do not, instead of the other way around. This shows the adaptability of emotional management as the context of each situation determines the ways in which emotional management can be expressed. 



In this scene, Gretchen expresses her feelings of unhappiness through a clandestine attack by discussing how poorly Caesar treats people; in this story, she refers to Regina when she talks about Caesar and herself when she refers to Brutus. By comparing Regina to Caesar she implicitly expresses her frustration with how Regina treats her. However, to protect Regina from becoming upset and embarrassed, she does not confront her explicitly. In this case she is able to express her anger with Regina while simultaneously protecting Regina’s emotions by tailoring her speech to implicitly call out Regina; she gets to express her frustration without angering or embarrassing Regina. She manages her emotions as well as Regina’s in this scene; she also conducts her actions within social norms as it would be considered rude to yell at Regina explicitly. 

In both of these scenes from Mean Girls, the reason she manages her emotions is driven by the social norm of fitting in. She wants to be a part of the desired and popular “plastics” (the social group in which Regina George runs) and in order to maintain this status as a plastic she has to keep herself on Regina’s goodside. Thus, her seeked out approval of Regina forces Gretchen to manage her emotions throughout the movie; her emotional management results in her portraying herself in a certain way that allows her to fit into this social group and therefore the social world in general.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The scene above is from the popular TV Series Friends, in which one of the main characters, Rachel, is a waitress at the local coffee shop their group of friends frequent. She delivers them their orders of coffee and she seemingly gets it right. As she thinks she correctly delivered everyone’s coffee to the right person, she becomes happy that she did it right, believing that she has finally become a good waitress; however, when she leaves the group of friends, they all instinctively switch around their coffee revealing all of Rachel’s mistakes. Their decision to wait to return the coffees to the right people so Rachel did not see was to protect her emotions and prevent her from being upset. Customers manage their emotions when they do not tell waitresses or other service workers that their order is messed up in order to protect the emotions of the workers. This representation of people in society shows the nature of emotional management to protect individuals emotions, especially when it comes to service work.

Gendered Beauty Practices and Gratitude in Korean Room Salons

September 14, 2020 By David Israel

If I Had Your Face by Frances Cha is a novel that is set in modern-day Korea and centers around four young women: Ara, Miho, Wonna, and Kyuri. The characters are vastly different in backgrounds, occupations, and personalities. Ara is a mute hair salon stylist who seems to be level headed at all times except for matters that regard her favorite Kpop boy band members. Miho is an artist sponsored by fellowships at universities and has a wealthy boyfriend. Wonna is a married office worker who struggles to make ends meet but desperately wants a child. Kyuri works at a room salon where she is paid to have drinks or sleep with men. These women are tied together by the fact that they all live in the same officetel building. Their stories move independently but parallel with one another until their paths all cross over towards the end. 

Kyuri and other secondary characters perform and reinforce gendered beauty rituals. She, as previously mentioned, works at a room salon, but not any room salon. Hers is considered a “10%” room salon which entails that it employs 10% of the prettiest girls in the business. Kyuri has obtained this job by obtaining gender beauty ideals through a popular beauty practice in Korea—plastic surgery.  Similarly to Elizabeth Hordge-Freeman’s Color of Love and how Brazillians automatically associate white traits as higher class and success, Kyuri’s adherence to Korean beauty standards give her the upper hand. Cosmetic surgery may literally give Kyuri a smaller face, larger eyes, and a petite nose but it also grants her great progress in the room salon industry.

However, the book implies the detrimental effects of these beauty practices. Kyuri climbs higher in the industry the more surgeries she receives but consequently also finds herself constantly in debt because of loan interests. The need to fulfill the unrealistic Korean beauty standard becomes an obsession. She gets her eyes done and then finds herself wanting to get her jaw done. Then she feels like she needs a nose job. And from there she is chained by a never ending cycle of “touch-up” surgeries. The positive resulting effect of her surgeries displays how she can capitalize on beauty, related to the ideas expressed in Kimberly Kay Hoang’s “Economies of Emotion, Familiarity, Fantasy, and Desire: Emotional Labor in Ho Chi Minh City’s Sex Industry.” Kyuri teaches the readers that the addiction to gender beauty practices is not just about appearing beautiful and attractive to society—it is about wanting a better life.

In addition to these gendered beauty rituals, the book describes Kyuri’s unpleasant experience in the third-tier room salon she started out in:

“When I got there, I vowed to get out as fast as I could, and when I did they told me I was a ruthless, toxic bitch, that they couldn’t believe how ungrateful I was to leave them behind when they had done so much for me. They tallied things they actually viewed as favors—“I gave you time off each week to go to the bathhouse,” “I bought you those expensive shoes,” “I helped you decorate your ‘room,’ ” “I took you to the doctor when you were sick.”

Kyuri is negatively affected by a socioemotional economy she is dragged into. Her clients have an expectation of reciprocal beneficence even though they have offered up gifts without it being asked of them. The way Kyuri describes her clients “tallying” favors shows how they have mental ledgers and keep a cognitive list of favors to demand Kyuri to behave in a certain way. It is evident that there is a misconnect between the two parties due to the inclusion of the word “actually”— it implies that Kyuri disagrees over the value of her clients’ gifts. This disagreement leads to what is an unbalanced exchange, causing her clients to respond with harsh reactions of cursing her out. The experiences with these relationships is akin to the concepts in Chapter 5 of Arlie Hochschild’s The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling.

Kyuri’s life as a room salon girl shows the taxing beauty pressures and expected gratitudes that she has to confront. The book uses her experience exposes the physical and mental burdens of a women in the beauty centric Korean sex industry and how that can ultimately wear down a person.

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More to See

Photo-Essay: Emotional Management and Representation in Society

September 14, 2020

Humor in the News: An Exploration of Comedy as a Method for Managing Emotions

September 14, 2020

Gendered Beauty Practices and Gratitude in Korean Room Salons

September 14, 2020

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