Second Voyant Visualization

Given my more variable exploration of SF during remote learning, I am choosing to represent certain bursts of exploration, rather than exploration week by week.

In this visualization, I have gone down the “Mars Colonization” rabbit hole. Colonizing Mars involves many variables, represented by some of the most common words in this cirrus: water, NASA, atmosphere, dust, soil, pressure, and minerals. The colonization of Mars has two major areas of concern: 1) How do you make life sustainable on Mars?; and 2) What do you do once life is sustainable? This visualization centers more around concern (1), evidenced by the large presence of words focused on the Martian environment: dust, surface, crater, rock, minerals, and radiation. Less words focus on concern (2): policy, exploration, nasa, terraforming, time, life, and earth.

See my Voyant Visualizations page for the complete list.

Infantile Desire in Julian Kawalec’s “I Kill Myself” (Poland, 1962)

Infantile Desire in I Kill Myself

Julian Kawalec’s short story, “I Kill Myself,” written in 1962, is a prime example of New Wave psychological SF. Kawalec’s narrator, an unnamed lab technician working to develop and mass produce the Zeta Bomb— the ultimate weapon of destruction— decides to steal and destroy it instead, hoping to keep the world safe. The narrator grows to covet the Bomb, however, and keeps it for himself. He fantasizes about the Bomb’s power, ultimately proclaiming himself “God.” Central to the story is the narrator’s psychological “u-turn:” his original desire to destroy Zeta transforms into a desire for Zeta. The significance of the narrator’s u-turn can be interpreted as an example of humans’ desire for power and expanded into a metaphor for humans’ inability to control their desire for pleasure-inducing technology, an interpretation crucial to communicate in contemporary times.

The narrator’s psychological u-turn, however, contains more than a conscious reversal of his desires. Rather, as a psychoanalytic interpretation of the text reveals, his u-turn is a consequence of his id (his unconscious wishes), which seizes control of him once he has the Bomb. The narrator’s ego is rendered powerless and its capacity for reality testing reduced to nothing. The narrator’s u-turn reveals that humans’ submission to technology is not merely the bending of our conscious will. On the contrary, it is a result of an internal force often unstoppable when paired with pleasure-inducing technology. This revelation is infinitely more useful to society, for it informs us that in our attempts to stall pleasure-tech, we are up against a formidable opponent.

One’s repressed desires are, under normal circumstances, repressed or transformed by the ego into something consciously palatable. The narrator’s ego in this story, however, cannot prevent his infantile desires, namely those Oedipal and narcissistic in nature, from resurfacing. Faced with this stress, the narrator resorts to the defenses of rationalization and suppression.
Three oedipal wishes manifest upon the narrator’s possession of Zeta. His wishes parallel the Oedipus Complex in that they involve the narrator’s removal of some sexual object from some male figure(s) while simultaneously causing them pain. This constitutes a triad similar to the Oedipal triad:

In the narrator’s first oedipal wish, he considers revenge against his lab workers, and more importantly, his boss. He imagines “command[ing] them to march to a hollow between hills and leav[ing] them there, and starv[ing] them” (Kawalec 266). This desire for cruel revenge parallels the Boy’s hate towards his Father. Zeta’s status as a sexual object, however, is not immediate; in fact, its sexual connotations grow once it is stolen. Prior to being stolen, Zeta is first described as a “steel child… cold and slippery… monstrous” (Kawalec 260-2). Once stolen, Zeta “reminds [the narrator]… more insistently of its presence,” growing “warmer… [and not] so ugly” as before (Kawalec 264), until it is “warm,” with “smooth metal” (Kawalec 265). Once the narrator decides not to destroy it, he proceeds to “touch Zeta… stroke it.” Zeta is “beautiful… smooth… pleasant”. He “press[es] Zeta to [his] heart… kiss[es] it” (Kawalec 267). Zeta transforms from cold and inanimate to warm and fetishized. The narrator’s desire to kill his senior lab workers and covet Zeta parallel the Boy’s desire to kill his Father and possess his Mother. We can map the Oedipal triad:

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Science Fiction and Donald Trump

In this post I’ll elaborate on a claim David McMahon makes in his essay, “The Psychological Significance of Science Fiction” (Psychoanal. Rev., 1989). One of my earlier posts reviews another part of this article.

McMahon states “three possible psychological roles that science fiction literature and cinema” play in society. SF, he claims, allows “understanding and adapting to change through exploring possible futures or parallel worlds” (287). SF depicting  alternate futures “offers cognitive models for both conceptualizing change and adapting to change.” (emphasis in original)

Elaborating, McMahon describes how Star Wars offered society a model for President Reagan’s 1983 proposal for a “Strategic Defense Initiative” (290). This defense system included “complex space-based ballistic-missile defense that involves abstruse technical constructs” — difficult for the public to imagine. News outlets, however, “quickly dubbed the proposal the ‘Star Wars Defense.’ Suddenly, the incomprehensible had a conceptual model derived from space-fantasy films.” (my emphasis)

I propose that SF stories centering around rebellion allow people to more concretely imagine rebellion in real life. I use rebellion against the Trump administration as an example. SF, by offering clear depictions of rebellion, allows people to more easily bring to reality feelings against the President– anger, worry, etc– that would cause a want for rebellion.

I use as evidence (albeit not great in quantity), two photos I took at the 2016 Women’s March. Let’s take a look:

This poster features the phrase “Rebellions are built on HOPE,” the phrase uttered by rebel Jyn Erso, in the Star Wars companion film, “Rogue One,” as she tries to convince other rebels to fight against the Empire. The gold logo on the poster is the emblem of the Resistance, a rebel group in the Star Wars universe. Disclaimer: this phrase and/or logo probably appear in other Star Wars lore, but I don’t know enough about Star Wars to know about these other appearances.

Thereby, Star Wars rebels and society’s associations with Star Wars rebels are a vehicle by which this poster-writer can imagine themself rebelling against President Trump. The familiar Star Wars rebels are recalled as a defense against the unfamiliar feeling (for citizens of a democracy) of wanting to rebel.

Most notably, given the popularity of Star Wars, the poster-writer is assured that their invocation of Star Wars will resonate with others. If the poster-writer had felt a need to make a poster about rebellion, but had never watched Star Wars, or consumed media depicting rebellious groups, I propose that they would have a harder time putting this act of rebellion into words and making it popularly accessible.

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Star Wars and Oedipus

In this Post I’ll be reviewing part of “The Psychological Significance of Science Fiction,” an article written by David F. McMahon, M.D., published in The Psychoanalytic Review journal in 19891. Unfortunately, due to copyright restrictions, I do not believe I can upload the article to this site. If you’d like a paper copy, I can provide that. I’ll review the article in more depth when I expand my thoughts on this Post and add it to the Psychology and SF Menu.

So, if you’re here because you’re anxious about the implications of Oedipal relations and wish  to briefly note their existence– only to then quickly negate them, here’s what McMahon writes about Star Wars and Oedipus:

“Preoedipal and oedipal psychology appear extensively in science ficiton… The oedipal theme emerges three decades later in the Star Wars trilogy… Martin Miller and Robert Sprich (1981) have proposed that Star Wars delineates the outcome of two different oedipal struggles. In the first, that of the protagonist Luke Skywalker,

we see a clear positive resolution of the Oedipus Complex. He [Luke] learns                   how to use the Force. He rescues the damsel in distress and performs a feat                          of great courage, one that demonstrates his superior abilities (my emphasis).

He vanquishes Darth Vader [his father], who had [also] apparently destroyed Skywalker’s father. In… The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, the oedipal struggle continues to be developed, with the inclusion of a symbolic castration in the severing of Skywalker’s hand” (my emphasis).

Why is this significant? I understand McMahon’s point to be such: the Star Wars series was so captivating to society because people identified with the oedipal nature of the saga. In essence, “[t]his oedipal science fiction thriller appealed to a teenage audience, which identified with the protagonist and the heroine in this archetypal human drama.”

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Mars TV Series

“Mars” is a TV Series produced by National Geographic. To quote Netflix’s description of the show,

“Fact meets fiction in this hybrid of scripted drama and documentary that chronicles a spacecraft crew’s mission in 2033 to colonize the red planet.”

 

Here’s a link to the IMBD page. Here’s a reasonable review of the show. Here’s a trailer.

I first saw episodes of Mars while on a flight. I don’t normally watch TV and thus haven’t seen any more. The episodes I did see, though, I enjoyed. The show blends documentary footage of Elon Musk, Niel deGrasse Tyson, and other Mars intellectuals with the fictional story of a Mars Mission. If the Mission is having trouble finding water, the scene will cut to Elon Musk describing the dearth of life-sustaining resources on Mars– and how to fix that problem.

In the episodes I saw, the documentary part of the show was comparing Mars to the Arctic Circle: like Mars, the Arctic is a harsh environment. If we can understand challenges we face in the Arctic, we can apply solutions to Artic challenges to life on Mars.

See the Mars menu for more.