References

Literature:

Alejo, L. A., & Lara, J. (2018, August 16). Commentary: Ethnic studies should be a high school requirement. EdSoruce. Retrieved from https://edsource.org/2018/ethnic-studies-should-be-a-high-school-requirement/601244 

Alinsky, S. D. (1971). Rules for radicals: A practical primer for realistic radicals. New York: Vintage Books.

Anderson, M. (2016, March 08). The Academic Benefits of Ethnic Studies. The Atlantic. Retrieved from  https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/03/the-ongoing-battle-over-ethnic-studies/472422/ 

Borg, L. (2016, January 20). ‘Our history matters’: Providence students rally for ethnic studies curriculum. The Providence Journal. Retrieved from https://www.providencejournal.com/article/20160120/NEWS/160129906 

Citywide Youth Coalition (n.d). About. Citywide Youth Coalition. Retrieved from  https://www.cwyc.org/about 

Diaz, D. (2020, January 06). History of Ethnic Studies Timeline – Ethnic Studies K-12 – XChange. UCLA Center X. Retrieved from https://centerx.gseis.ucla.edu/xchange/ethnic-studies-k-12/historical-timeline-for-ethnic-studies/ 

Donald, B. (2016, April 07). Stanford study suggests academic benefits to ethnic studies courses. Stanford News. Retrieved from https://news.stanford.edu/2016/01/12/ethnic-studies-benefits-011216/ 

Duncan, A. (2018, May 25). Education: The “Great Equalizer”. BritannicaRetrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Education-The-Great-Equalizer-2119678 

Elm City-UROC (n.d). About. Elm City-UROC. Retrieved from http://justmoves.nationbuilder.com/# 

Freire, P., & Horton, M. (1990). We Make the Road by Walking: Conversation on Education and Social Change (B. Bell, J. Gaventa, & J. Peters, Eds.). Philadephia, PA: Temple University Press.  

Gellman, L. (2019, March 07). Students To Legislature: It’s Time To Undo Racism. Greater New Haven Arts Council. Retrieved from https://www.newhavenarts.org/arts-paper/articles/students-to-leg-its-time-to-undo-racism 

Hill, H. C. (2020, March 6). Culturally Responsive Teaching is Promising. But There’s a Pressing Need for More Research. Education Week, 39(26), 17. Retrieved from https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2020/03/09/culturally-responsive-teaching-is-promising-but-theres.html 

Kai-Hwa Wang, F. (2016, September 14). California Governor Signs Bill to Develop High School Ethnic Studies Curriculum. NBC News. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/california-governor-signs-bill-develop-high-school-ethnic-studies-curriculum-n648396 

Mata, M. (2012, July 31). Tucson’s Mexican American Studies Program Is Revived. News TacoRetrieved from https://newstaco.com/2012/07/31/tucsons-mexican-american-studies-program-is-revived-has-new-focus/ 

Megan, K. (2019, May 23). House endorses bill requiring courses on black, Latino history. The Connecticut News Project. Retrieved from https://ctmirror.org/2019/05/22/house-endorses-bill-requiring-courses-on-black-latino-history/ 

Megan, K. (2019, September 09). Small gains on state test, but troubling achievement gap persists. The Connecticut News ProjectRetrieved from https://ctmirror.org/2019/09/09/small-gains-on-state-test-but-troubling-achievement-gap-persists/ 

Mueller, C. (2004). Ella Baker and the Origins of “Participatory Democracy”. In J. Bobo & C. Hudley & C. Michel (Eds.), The Black Studies Reader (pp. 79-90). Retrieved from uijhttps://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bowdoin-ebooks/reader.action?docID=198588 

Watson, S. (2008, February 13). How Public Schools Work. How Stuff Works. Retrieved from https://people.howstuffworks.com/public-schools1.htm 

National Education Association. (2019, August 05). Community Campaign Key to Passage of Bill Requiring Ethnic Studies Curriculum in CT High Schools. National Education Justice. Retrieved from https://neaedjustice.org/2019/08/05/community-campaign-key-to-passage-of-bill-requiring-ethnic-studies-curriculum-in-ct-high-schools/ 

Paul, C. A. (2016). Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965Social Welfare History Project. Retrieved from http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/ 

Powell, A. (2007, October 11). How Sputnik changed U.S. education. The Harvard Gazette. Retrieved from https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/10/how-sputnik-changed-u-s-education/ 

Students for Educational Justice [Students for Educational Justice]. (2020, January 6). 2019 Students for Educational Justice Video [Video]. Vimeohttps://vimeo.com/383129755 

Tabio, N. (2019, November 18). New Haven improves on state exams, still lags. Yale Daily News. Retrieved from https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2019/11/18/new-haven-improves-on-state-exams-still-lags/ 

U.S. Census Bureau (2020). QuickFacts: New Heaven City, Connecticut. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/newhavencityconnecticut. 

U.S Department of Education. (n.d.). New Haven Public Schools. United States Department of EducationRetrieved from https://www.ed.gov/labor-management-collaboration/conference/new-haven-public-schools 

Media:

AP Images. (1966). Saul Alinsky on Chicago’s south side, where he organized the Woodlawn area to battle slum conditions [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://billmoyers.com/content/who-is-saul-alinsky/ 

AP Images. (1968). A Black Students Union leader addresses a crowd of demonstrators in December 1968 [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2019/03/21/704930088/the-student-strike-that-changed-higher-ed-forever 

Biography.com (n.d). Ella Baker. Retrieved from https://www.biography.com/activist/ella-baker 

California Faculty Association. (2016). Protest for AB 2016 [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.calfac.org/post/cfa-sends-letter-support-ethnic-studies-public-schools 

Citywide Youth Coalition. (n.d). Citywide Youth Coalition activists on the steps of New Haven City Hall rallying for sanctuary schools. Retrieved from https://www.cfgnh.org/articles/leaders-of-today 

Ethnic Studies Now. (n.d). Ethnic Studies Now Logo. Retrieved from http://www.ethnicstudiesnow.com/ 

Franklin, R. D. (2016). Activists for Ethnic Studies. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/03/the-ongoing-battle-over-ethnic-studies/472422/ 

Gellman, L. (2019). Student Activists. Retrieved from https://www.newhavenarts.org/arts-paper/articles/students-to-leg-its-time-to-undo-racism 

Jackson, Reagan. (2017). More than 50 students, parents, and teachers came to a Seattle Public Schools board meeting to advocate for Ethnic Studies becoming a mandatory part of the district’s K-12 curriculum. Retrieved from https://www.seattleglobalist.com/2017/03/17/students-tell-seattle-school-board-ethnic-studies-needed/63585 

Johnson, L. (2017). Ethnic Studies [Digital Image]. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/08/13/541814668/ethnic-studies-a-movement-born-of-a-ban 

Lindsay, L. (2019).  Benie N’Sumbu, a senior at Cooperative Arts and Humanities High School in New Haven and a member of Students for Educational Justice, was one of dozens of students who testified in support of H.B. 7802 in March 2019. Retrieved from https://www.wnpr.org/post/bill-require-african-american-and-latino-studies-high-school-passes-conn-house 

Megan, K. (2019). Rep. Bobby Gibson, left, a key sponsor of the bill, Rep. Anthony Nolan and Rep. Charlie Stallworth celebrate its passage. Retrieved from https://ctmirror.org/2019/05/22/house-endorses-bill-requiring-courses-on-black-latino-history/ 

NAVIGATE MN/Unidos MN Education Fund. (2019). Ethnic Studies [Digital Image]. Retrieved from http://www.navigatemn.org/2019/10/14/our-history-our-schools/ 

Paulo Freire Freedom School. (1990). Paulo Freire and Myles Horton [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.paulofreireschool.org/about/Myles/