Category Archives: Gender & Sexuality

Green Hand Book Review: Venus Plus X

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Sturgeon, Theodore. Venus plus X. New York: Dell, 1979.

 

I chose Venus Plus X by Theodore Sturgeon because the cover first caught my attention. The book covers that I looked at before finding the book dealt with space but I thought this one looked cooler. The pages were also colored, which most of the other books did not have. After reading the little blurb on the cover, I quickly found out that it dealt with the theme of gender and its erasure of it. Within this course, I found that the topic of power relations, including race, gender, and sexuality intrigued me the most–and this book seemed to fit my interests. In class, we also mentioned Sturgeon a few times but did not read any works from him so I thought this book would be perfect!

 

Venus Plus X follows the trope of a confused time traveler everyman coming into consciousness in a futuristic isolated community. In this community called Ledom, all of the members are gender-neutral and hidden from the rest of society; there is some ambiguity as to whether or not this society is utopic or just a means for human preservation. The protagonist Charlie Johns explores culture and technology, with interesting discourse about patriarchy, religion, reproductive practices and rights, and outlook on life. This story runs concurrently with an (underdeveloped) story of a “progressive” contemporary American family of the 60s who came off as only a foil. When it is revealed that the members of society are intersex and the process of how the members become intersex, the protagonist is disgusted and homophobic. While attempting to travel back to his time, it is brought to light that Charlie did not arrive through time travel. He’s a “control” person maintained by the Ledom for research purposes. He lives on the outside of civilization since he can’t be assimilated into Ledom society. The story ends with a nuclear bomb being set off but Ledom survives because of their technology.

 

This book was published amid Golden-Age SF with themes of sex, gender, sexuality, religion, technology, and human preservation. I think this book is interesting when looking at the context of the time period: It precedes both the Sexual Revolution and Second-Wave Feminism in the latter part of the 1960s. In this way, Venus Plus X is in some way a proto-feminist reading of society, where the core of the novel is an argument that the presumption that women and men are very different is wrong and socially destructive. Some ideas and dialogue are definitely antiquated but the messages are still applicable to our society today. It is also a story about human survival because the story also coincides with the middle of the Cold War, with the idea of forward-thinking technology and preservation.

 

I would recommend this book to people who like slow exposition stories. The book was quite slow at times and I found myself skimming through some parts. The latter half of the story is definitely where it picks up!

 

Extra notes: Venus Plus X was a finalist for the 1961 Hugo Award for Best Novel.

Parthenogenesis: Is It Possible?

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Joanna Russ’s short story “When it Changed” got me thinking: with the right science, would human parthenogenesis be possible? The answer is, maybe. This concept was explored in a paper by biologists Gabriel Jose de Carlia and Tiago Campos Pereira entitled “On human parthenogenesis,” which first appeared in the journal Medical Hypotheses (a publication which, to me, appears to propose ways to make biological science fiction phenomena into hard science–kinda cool). Carlia and Pereira address three barriers that must be overcome in order for human parthenogenesis to be realized: genomic imprinting, diploidy and heterozygosity, and zygotic behavior.

Source: “On human parthenogenesis”

Genomic imprinting refers to the “tagging” of paternal or maternal DNA that prevents a certain allele (i.e. a trait) from being expressed, meaning the allele from only one parent is expressed in the embryo. This process is crucial to human development. Carlos and Pereira suggest that deletion of several genes functionally comparable to those that allowed the creation of viable bi-maternal offspring in a mouse model could allow a human egg  to compensate for the absence of a paternally imprinted set of chromosomes, meaning it would be able to express proper alleles only using maternal DNA. Achieving diploidy and heterozygosity may be possible with the use of a bacterium, Carlia and Pereira hypothesize. The bacterium Wolbachia sp. can live symbiotically within a cell and is capable of inducing parthenogenesis in mites–parthenogenesis is advantageous to the bacterium, as it allows it to be transmitted to the host’s offspring (sounds wild, I know). Finally, the properly diploid, heterozygous gamete must be able to function as a zygote. In mice, the precise mutation of a proto-oncogene (a gene allowing for regular cell growth that, upon mutation, may induce cancer) can cause parthenogenetic activation, so it is proposed that the mutation of a similar gene in humans may do the same. In combination, these techniques would theoretically allow for viable human parthenogenetic offspring.

Putting these techniques into practice today would, of course, be considered unethical. However, the advent of “designer babies” and other uses of genetic engineering to ensure health and longevity suggest that genetic alteration for the purposes of parthenogenesis may not be an impossibility in the next hundred years, especially due to the so-called “male fertility crisis.” Who knows, maybe Beyoncé’s “Run the World (Girls)” was prophetic 🙂

The Matrix — trans narratives and use of allegory

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Recently I’ve been thinking back to The Matrix film — as some of you may know, it was written and directed by two trans sisters (Lana and Lilly Wachowski). I’ve linked below an interview with Lilly Wachowski where she discusses being closeted during the making of the film, as well as why she was drawn to science fiction and the power of the genre to imagine worlds beyond your current reality. One of my favorite quotes from this interview is when she speaks to the “seemingly impossible becoming possible.” This reminds me of Arthur C. Clark’s 3 Laws and venturing a little ways past the impossible 🙂

I’ve also linked an interesting review of the film by a writer I’ve been reading lately, Andrea Long Chu (an excerpt from her book “Females: a Concern”). She challenges this narrative quite strongly, stating that “Allegorically is the least interesting way to read anything.” Do you agree with this? I think at the time that this film was made, the writers were looking for a way to communicate their experience without having to delve into specifics. It’s interesting to think about science fiction as a vehicle to tell your story indirectly especially to such a mass audience such as the Matrix franchise. I’d be curious about science fiction that more outwardly engages with gender — I’m excited to reread Bloodchild by Octavia Butler, as I remember it reimagined reproductive rights in a nuanced way. Overall, I think The Matrix accomplishes a lot of alternate reality building, and it is in many ways is productive to recontextualize this narrative in terms of gender. Hope you all enjoy the video and article!

 

https://www.vulture.com/2019/02/what-the-matrix-can-teach-us-about-gender.html

 

Tai Shani’s Feminist Science Fiction Novel Draws on Spoken Word Performance

“Since 2014, artist Tai Shani, a nominee for the 2019 Turner Prize, has constructed hallucinatory environments inhabited by feminine characters adapted from myth, history, and science fiction. This multipart project—encompassing sculpture, graphic images, installations, film, and performance—has taken several forms, one of them culminating in her first book, Our Fatal Magic. Each of the volume’s twelve chapters is an elliptical, phantasmagoric monologue delivered by one of Shani’s figures: a medieval mystic, a cube of flesh embodying the fairy-tale Bluebeard’s multiple murdered wives, even an AI program named after Mnemosyne, the Greek goddess of memory. Several of Shani’s projects have been presented under the rubric “Dark Continent” (or “DC”), a reference to Freud’s infamous description of female sexual psychology—a characterization shaped by the colonial geographic imagination. The setting of Our Fatal Magic is the land of Semiramis, named for the legendary Assyrian queen. Though she does not make an appearance in any of the chapters of Shani’s book, Semiramis is the cornerstone in Christine de Pizan’s The Book of the City of Ladies, a fifteenth-century allegory about the contributions of women to human society, which treats its heroines as the structural elements of a new city. The opening Note of Our Fatal Magic refers to the compilation’s source project, “DC: Semiramis,” as an “expanded adaptation” of de Pizan’s book.”  –-Artnews

Osiris, Volume 34 PRESENTING FUTURES PAST: SCIENCE FICTION AND THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE

“The role of fiction in both understanding and interpreting the world has recently become an increasingly important topic for many of the human sciences. This volume of Osiris focuses on the relationship between a particular genre of storytelling—science fiction (SF), told through a variety of media—and the history of science.

The protagonists of these two enterprises have a lot in common. Both SF and the history of science are oriented towards the (re)construction of unfamiliar worlds; both are fascinated by the ways in which natural and social systems interact; both are critically aware of the different ways in which the social (class, gender, race, sex, species) has inflected the experience of the scientific. Taking a global approach, Presenting Futures Past examines the ways in which SF can be used to investigate the cultural status and authority afforded to science at different times and in different places. The essays consider the role played by SF in the history of specific scientific disciplines, topics, or cultures, as well as the ways in which it has helped to move scientific concepts, methodologies, and practices between wider cultural areas. Ultimately, Presenting Futures Past explores what SF can tell us about the histories of the future, how different communities have envisaged their futures, and how SF conveys the socioscientific claims of past presents.”   University of Chicago Press

Helter Skelter | A Transdisciplinary Approach

Helter Skelter | A Transdisciplinary Approach In conversation with Vandana Singh about climate change, speculative fiction, semiotics, the nature of language, and her new book Ambiguity Machines and Other Stories. Vandana Singh! http://helterskelter.in/2019/04/interview-vandana-singh-ambiguity-machines/

6 Badass Female Time Travelers Who Get the Job Done

6 Badass Female Time Travelers Who Get the Job Done There is no single archetype of the female time traveler. She may be a young newlywed on her honeymoon, or a septuagenarian acting as a secret government weapon. She is black, or white, or from a f… https://www.tor.com/2019/02/20/female-time-travelers-methods-sci-fi-fantasy/?utm_source=%5B%27exacttarget%27%5D&utm_medium=%5B%27newsletter%27%5D&utm_term=%5B%27tordotcom-tordotcomnewsletter%27%5D&utm_content=%5B%27na-readblog-blogpost%27%5D&utm_campaign=%5B%27tor%27%5D