After talking through numerous failed attempts at revamping the school, Charisma notices, “But no matter what warm-to-medium-cool hues you paint the walls, when it all comes down to it, it’s white teachers talking white methodology and drinking white wine and some wannabe white administrator threatening to put your school into receivership because he knows Foy Cheshire”(166). How does this critique fall in line with Cross’ discussion in The Negro-To-Black Experience? Does this criticism embody the ideologies behind a specific stage of the conversion, or is it one of the confounding factors that affects all stages? Do you agree with Beatty and Cross’ criticism of the lack of diversity in both teaching policy and the creation of the ideologies behind our operational psychological framework? Are there any signs of either critique at Bowdoin?
The Sellout (126-186)
On page 167, the narrator’s father states that “you can’t force integration boy. People who want to integrate will integrate.” This reminds me of a contrast shown in my comp gov class between de facto and de justo states- de facto states uphold certain democratic values on paper, while de justo states support the constitutional promises through active investment. In the context of the book, this questions how effective the Civil Rights movement really was- did it just accomplish de facto changes but fail to enact societal mindset regarding race?
Hominy
Something I found ironic as I was reading about Hominy is that fact that the most freeing he has every felt has been acquired by his becoming (or accepting?- i don’t know) his role as a slave. What is the statement Beatty is making with Hominy (which sounds like Harmony)? Push back on me if you disagree, but I’m willing to assert that Beatty is making a comment about black peoples perception of themselves in America. Perhaps Hominy feels so free because he recognized what he is in the world/ how the world views him.
Huckleberry Finn
I thought one of the funniest moments in the book so far is when Foy Cheshire presents his reworked version of Mark Twain’s “Huckleberry Finn”. In addition to altering the plot line, Foy changes the novel’s title to “The Pejorative-Free Adventures and Intellectual and Spiritual Journeys of African-American Jim and His Young Protégé, White Brother Huckleberry Finn, as They Go in Search of the Lost Black Family Unit”. I feel as though there is so much to unpack both in this title and in the fact that Foy felt the need to make these changes. For example, the emphasis on race and Foy’s need to comment on the race of each character, even within the title, is quite unusual and I think tells a lot about Foy’s character. What did you all think of this?
Animals
I have to say reading this book has been quite a roller coster. Paul Beatty’s satire is amazing- I find that the messages that underline his stories are so much more powerful because of how he delivers them.
One prime example that sticks out to me is in the beginning of the book is when the woman says “some of my best friends are monkeys.” The comparison of black people to animals allows one to step back and assess how ridiculously racist and ignorant the real statement of “some of my best friends are black” sounds. The way he dug out his point was flawless. He has clearly establishes and gets the point across that many black people have tried to argue but that has generally fallen on death ears. Not only does the statement take on a fetishist tone, it also reveals the blatant justification people feel like they have because someone they know is black and are somehow in touched with what it means to be black in America.
This is just one of the many points in the books where the implicit message has so seamlessly be stitched out from the story.
Dickens’s Disappearance
The narrator talks about how the town of Dickens vanished quietly. There was never a story in the newspaper or anything about the matter announced. One day, it just simply was not there anymore. No one seemed to care about the occurrence and some were relieved that they no longer needed to be identified as a “Dickensian”. The narrator describes Dickens’s disappearance as a “blatant conspiracy by the surrounding, increasingly affluent, two-car-garage communities to keep their property values up and blood pressure down” (57). The way the matter quietly slipped away made me wonder, what else is not being talked about? Media controls so much of what we learn, so when a matter is blatantly hushed, we have to consider the things we aren’t hearing.
A Question
I also was very confused on the last line of this reading when Hominy tells the narrator that he has “to stop seeing us as individuals” because in doing so he is not “seeing the plantation for the niggers” (80). It seems to me that this is foreshadowing the narrator’s later decision to become the owner of slaves, but I don’t quite see the connection. What do you think he means by a plantation specifically FOR black people, and how could this lead the narrator to adopt a slave-owner mentality?
Slave-Master Relationship
The part of the novel’s first 80 pages that stood out the most to me was the piece at the end, when Hominy makes himself the narrator’s slave and forces him to beat him. Hominy’s desire to be beaten, to be a slave, and ultimately the gratitude and relief that he feels during and following being beaten caused (and still do, to a large extent) a great deal of confusion. It did, however, remind me of the part in the Prologue wherein the narrator discusses how a black person at times is freed by the prospect of breaking the law and going to prison. The narrator says that actually doing something wrong “relieves us of the cognitive dissonance of being black and innocent” (18). Do you all think that this is somehow actually a similar situation? That by actually becoming someone’s slave, Hominy is in a way relieving himself of hidden shackles that come with black freedom? If not, can someone/anyone shed some light on Hominy’s motives behind this bizarre act?
The Sellout, 3-80
The Sellout has an unnamed narrator which suggests that the messages conveyed in the book may be universal- however, the satirical style contradicts this theory. By using satire to exaggerate and ridicule, The Sellout establishes an outrageous storyline pointed at fostering discussion about race. The narrator may not be reliable so the reader is forced to interpret situations under his own conscience.
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/05/business/kendall-jenner-pepsi-ad.html?_r=0
I just thought this controversial add from pepsi featuring Kendall Jenner is worth watching and thinking about especially through the lens of the readings we discussed today.
The Interrelatedness of the World
King argues from a humanist perspective, saying that the US is “caught in an inescapable network of mutuality; tied in a single garment of destiny” (210) with the rest of the world. In other words, to realize the American Dream, we must view adopt a more generous and harmonious view of the world. He wonders if maybe we spend too much money building military bases instead of showing concern for other countries. I agree with his idea, but it seems overly idealistic given the US’s status, at the time, in a cold war with Russia. War was always imminent, and we need to ready ourselves for that. When I think about if this MLK’s would function today, I find it difficult to believe that it would. There are so many people with deep rooted ideologies that are fundamentally opposed to the basis of American culture.
The Role of Writers in America
James Baldwin emphasizes on the importance of writers in America in The Discovery of What It Means to be an American. He strongly believes that escaping from America to Europe is the best way for black American writers to speak up the reality of the American society. Baldwin, who is an American Novelist, essayist, playwright, poet, and civil rights advocator, criticizes, ”American writers that they do not describe society, and have no interest in it. They only describe individuals in opposition to it, or isolated from it” (22). After moving to Europe at the age of 24, he realizes that he can freely express the racial and sexual issues. He assumes that writers is the ones who find out hidden laws, and unspoken but profound assumptions to govern the society. Since living in America demotivates black American writers to fully get ”freedom of expression”, Baldwin encourages the American writers to keep running to Europe and sustainably fulfill their writing careers.
The Discovery of What it Means to Be American
I found Baldwin’s paper on American-European relations particularly interesting. His commentary on status, claiming that Americans place greater emphasis on status than Europeans, aligned with some points made in the Great Gatsby, like those regarding social mobility, old money versus new money, etc. However looking at his claim historically, I don’t understand the origin of the American importance on status. While European traditions with status originate from monarchial and feudalist systems, America is derived from anti-European traditions which rejected the ranking of individuals.
An American in Europe
James Baldwin is an American Negro writer who spent almost of his life living in Europe. On the 7-page note, he reveals his own experience in finding his own identity. He hardly defines who he is while living in American due to the color problem (17). However, after moving to Europe, especially in French, he feels so different and seems to be very grateful for that. One important indicator that he describes as a big difference of a black man living in Europe and America is “social paranoia” (20). This term refers to the ability of social interaction between every individual one society. He compares that in America there is a social and occupational barriers in communication, while it is not the case in Europe. Therefore, he, as well as many other American writers in Europe, has an extraordinary feeling because “he can reach out to everyone, that he is accessible to everyone and open to everything” (20).
The Unfulfilled American Dream
In Martin Luther King Jr.’s “A Testament of Hope”, he begins by talking about the American Dream. The idea of the American Dream has manifested the mind of many over the centuries. It has provided a sense of optimism when there was little hope to be found. King states, “America is essentially a dream, a dream as yet unfulfilled”. This really stuck me because people question if the American Dream actually still exists, but King recognizes that it does in fact exist but it has yet to be discovered. Through his essay, he describes the things that are preventing the dream from becoming a reality: a lack of sympathy for our neighbors, the building of military bases, and the belief of racial superiority/inferiority. He urges people to recognize the fallacy of these things and pushes for making the American Dream a reality.
Cross and King on Violence
While discussing the role that Western science plays in preventing the “Black scholar from attaining personal liberation”, Cross sheds light on the fact that “Western science rhetoric suggests nonviolent, rational-intellectual solutions and emphatically rejects violent resolutions as irrational and even ‘immoral'”(23). How does this characterization play into Cross’ understanding of the five stages of transition? How might Martin Luther King, Jr. react to Cross’ claim?
Paper Topic
I will be focusing on the exploitation of the black community by the christian evangelist church.
Essay #3 Topic
Unequal power relations and their impact on the psychological and cultural condition of the low-wage worker.
