Not all cave ? was made by modern ????. ? technique dated cave ? as far as 64.8 ka ago in ??. Only Neanderthals were there at this time.

U-Th dating involves taking samples from the associated carbonates in cave ?. Scholars  now able to get a dependable age range for cave ?.

Similar cave ? elsewhere in ?? may also be of Neanderthal origin. Neanderthals likely used  symbolic expression before humans were in ??.