The Neolithic people migrated into Europe as a result of the rising sea level in the early Holocene age.  Farmers in lower sea levels were more vulnerable to the flooding.

It is unclear if there was a causal effect, but at the same time that the Laurentide Ice Sheet collapsed, there was an expansion of Neolithic farmers migrating to Mesolithic hunter-gatherer territory.

Opposing ideas suggest the migration was a result of cultural diffusion, but there is significant evidence that the coastal flooding caused major migration shifts.

Getting tech-savvy w/ U-Th technique to reliably ⬆precision in dating without ruining the ? to date the earliest ?stencil. #TrustTheTech #DateTheCanvas

? from 3 ??caves dates cave ?@ ~64.8KYR when ✅Neanderthals in Iberia and ❌ moderns until ~45/40 KYR…implies that Neanderthals were artists. #NeanderthalAuthorship

#NoAccidentHere, meaningful placement of ?stencils shows antiquity of ?symbols. Neanderthals were capable of premeditated creation and symbolic behavior too.

Laurentide Ice Sheet = ❌causing the ?to ⬆ ?wide ➡ flooding the Black Sea, robbing early farmers of low level land

Neolithic farmers forced to migrate to Mesolithic hunter-gatherer land putting population pressure on neighboring regions

Holocene flooding gave way to Neolithic period as farming spread across Europe sparking cultural change on regional scale

Neolithic #euro farmers lived in vulnerable low-lying areas. Crisis! Laurentide ice sheet collapses 8740 yrs ago #ohno @dorrismccomics

Formerly fresh water Black Sea is breached by seawater. Ensuing flooding displaces up to 145000 ppl who look to Balkans and beyond

Radiocarbon dating maps spread of migrants who established new #organic #noGMO farms across Europe (a tradition that endures until today)

Statistical evidence shows Critical Slowing Down, suggests European Neolithic population collapse result of ⬇️ resilience after ?‍ pop. ⬆️

Observed EWSs & ?let analysis support adaptive ? model (MII), whereby dynamic systems allow reversible regime shifts- model assoc. w/ CSD✅

Understanding EWS & impact on spatial/? scales may allow monitoring of dynamic human systems & prevention of disruptive shifts #yay4science

Radiocarbon dating of freshwater molluscs & marine sediments imply that raised sea levels (#RIP #LaurentideIceSheet) flooded the Black Sea.

On pause ⏸ during the flood and ▶️ afterwords was the expansion of Neolothic sites across Europe. Climate change showed little contribution.

Farmers migrated from the flooded Black Sea to recoup fertile land lost. W/o the Holocene?rise, how/when would Europe have learned 2 farm?

https://goo.gl/images/NSnqD6

#TheFinding: U-Th dating in 3 caves in Spain show there was cave ? before modern humans in Europe, which implies Neandertal origin

#TheImplication: Neandertals w/ vivid symbolic behavior (meaningful placement of ✋ stencils) that was well-rooted (Ardales ? over 25 ka)

#TheFuture: 1) Perhaps more Neandertal ? & ancient non-Neandertal symbolic behavior 2) Re-evaluation of transitional tech industries

New evidence implies symbolic behavior of Neandertals in form of cave art, previously attributed only to modern humans.

U-Th dating of overlying carbonate precipitates from 3 sites in ?? place art @ ~65ka minimum… ~20ka before modern humans arrived in Europe.

Location, placement & technique of art implies premeditation and symbolic behavior of Neandertals independent of modern human influence.

Scientists determine age of wall ? in Spanish caves. Stone on top of the ? and beneath the ? is used to ascertain age of the ?.

?, ?, ?, ?, and other designs are drawn on the caves’ walls. Age of all ? predates the arrival of humans in Europe. Neanderthals were ??‍?.

This ? proves Neanderthals could ?? before ?ing in caves, and developed ??‍? abilities w/o humans. #NeanderthalArtIsStillBetterThenPiccasso

Laurentide Ice sheet collapse > ❄ global temp & ⬆in ? > expansion of Neolithic farming into Mesolithic hunter gatherer territory

Farmers like lowland, Black Sea flooded by Mediterranean, farmers migrated across continent to find more stable settlements with arable land

Flooding during Holocene drove migration of farming populations, led to continental establishment of farming and onset of Neolithic period.