“Community-led education initiatives could have provided the basis for state investment of resources at Douglass, but instead the interests and visions of edu-businesses such as KIPP came first.” (Buras, 2015)

KIPP Renaissance replaced Frederick Douglass High School in the 2010-2011 school-year (Dixson, 2015, p. 292). The KIPP’s unforgiving “No Excuses” approach was executed by “inexperienced white recruits with little awareness of community history” all in an effort “to teach an exclusive group,” which purposely left out former Douglass students, (Dixson, 2015, p. 292). 

Image – KIPP.org – Approaches to Education